Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird, which was published in 1960. The novel tackled several pressing social issues in America at the time, ranging from racial injustice to class divisions. Despite some criticism, the book won the Pulitzer Prize and soon became a staple of modern American literature. For decades, it was widely taught in schools and considered a classic. However, due to its use of derogatory language and depictions of drugs and firearms, the book has been banned in many schools.
In 1962, To Kill a Mockingbird was adapted into a film. Gregory Peck starred as Atticus Finch, delivering a performance that moved audiences nationwide. The film’s release coincided with the civil rights movement in the United States. I believe Peck’s portrayal of Atticus, a man who stood for justice and equality, inspired many Americans to support the cause of civil rights movements during the 1960s.
In my blog last week, I mentioned the “Jim Crow Laws,” which legalized racial segregation and reduced African Americans to second-class citizenship. I found out that there was a movie adaptation of this book from my husband, so I decided to watch it with my husband.
There are some differences between the movie and the book. The trial of Tom Robinson dominates the second half of the film. However, the core part, addressing the most critical social issues of racial justification and moral courage, was present. Despite overwhelming evidence that proved Tom’s innocence, the 12-member all-white jury convicted him. Furthermore, the community scorned Atticus for defending him, even though the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution should have guaranteed a fair trial for Tom. It seems a social norm in the southern part of the states at this time due to the Jim Crow law, which put African American people as the 2nd level citizens. The moral courage part is that Atticus Finch defends Tom Robinson despite the social norm because he thinks that is right.
In some parts of the U.S. today, books and movies are unavailable in schools and libraries due to ongoing debates about their content. Both address significant social issues at the time and highlight the importance of moral courage, making them still relevant today.
Background of the Movie
In 1962, the movie was released. Robert Mulligan directed the film, and Horton Foote wrote the screenplay from Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird. Initially, the producers wanted to film in Lee’s hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, as the town inspired the book. However, they ended up using the back lot of Universal Studios, as Mary Badham (who played Scout) mentioned in an Oscars interview 2012. Gregory Peck, one of my favorite actors, starred the Scout’s father, Atticus Finch. The film was met with critical acclaim and won three Academy Awards: Best Actor for Gregory Peck, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Art Direction.
The movie opens with an orchestra, turning into a nostalgic piano score that immediately sets a reflective, almost melancholy tone. It is a black-and-white film with a certain timeless, documentary-like quality. It makes me feel like watching a high-quality old family movie made back in the early 20th century, which I just found in my basement. Color movies were already available, so the artistic choice was to enhance the historical feel and underscore the story’s gravity.
The book goes back and forces Scout’s childhood perception and perception as an adult. The film adapted the novel’s dual narrative, her youthful observations, and her adult reflections. The narration helps the viewers through complex themes, making it easier to understand without reading the book. The way the narration was made in the movie made me feel like listening to someone talking about childhood with a film to go with it. I got a poignant storytelling experience visually.
While the film addresses the serious social issues of its time, it doesn’t come across as a purely tragic historical drama. It also delivers through the lens of Scout’s innocent and ignorant point of view. Also, the film emphasizes its characters’ humanity and moral courage more than the many issues addressed in the book.
Differences Between the Book and the Movie
There were differences between the movie and the film. For example, the film entirely skips the subplot with Mrs. Dubose after Jem destroys her garden, a pivotal moment for Jem to understand moral strength. Similarly, the film omitted the fight between her cousin Frances and Aunt Alexandra’s extended stay with them, which made Scout realize the gender role difference for females at the time. The book addresses so many social issues of the time that a single film could not pick on all of them. So, they focused on Scout’s internal growth and social justification.
The omissions did not bother me. The film still addresses the social range of the 1930s Southern United States, focusing more on moral courage and racial justification, which is the message that the author wants to deliver from the book anyway.
One of my favorite scenes in the movie is where Atticus points the gun toward the Rabid dog, and he drops his glasses. That was the Boo’s perspective, written in chapter 31 of the book. The film was taken front-facing the character, so it made as seen the situation from Boo’s eyes, which, I felt, saw as a brilliant artistic choice to maintain Boo’s subtle yet significant presence in the movie.
Finally, it is because Gregory Peck deliberately, carefully, and carefully pronounces each word—precisely how I imagined Atticus Finch talking to his children. His calm and thoughtful quiet voices portrayed Atticus as a Lawyer, a father, and a moral compass.
Visual Storytelling and Cinematography.
Color films became popular in the 1960s; however, To Kill A Mockingbird was shot using black and white, just like Psyco and The Apartment, for artistic and practical reasons. I felt that the film To Kill a Mockingbird used black and white, as it added more to the timeless, even touch of melancholic tones. To Kill a Mockingbird was written in a touch of Southern Gothic style to cast out more creepy. For example, the scene with the empty moving swing on the Radely Pouch on a black-and-white screen was creepy. The contrast between light and shadow in black and white also amplifies the effects of suspense, tension, and uneasiness in the small town.
One of the most iconic sequences in the movie was the trial. The scene was masterfully shot so that I could feel the emotion of the characters. For example, Brock Peter, who played Tom Robinson, played his role well in the courthouse. Hesitation in the voice when he reluctantly admitted that he felt sorry for Mayella reflects his awareness of the social and racial boundaries he was crossing. The trial scene broke my heart, even though I knew what would happen with the trial. I saw his hope shattered from his face when he was given the guilty verdict and left the courtroom, which delivered a heartbreaking performance. He performed as if he could not hear Atticus, conveying a deep despair and loss.
Finally, in the last part of the trial, the black community gave Atticus full respect and thanks for defending Tom Robinson. Gregory Peck could not even look at them, leaving the courtroom without words. He probably knew the trial’s outcome; it must have been disappointing. The whole part illustrated the film’s quiet moments of dignity in the face of overwhelming injustice, which no man, even Atticus, could cross.
Themes and Messages
The movie adaptation focuses more on the core themes such as racial injustice, the loss of innocence, and moral courage. Lee’s book touches on a wide range of issues, such as poverty, violence against women, Dill’s experience as an orphan, the morphine addiction problem, and class division. The film’s narrow focus was for practical reasons. Too many social problems might overwhelm viewers if they haven’t read the book. As a result, the film centers primarily on the trial of Tom Robinson. The movie still powerfully portrayed racial justice and the moral complexity of confronting prejudice.
One critical distinction between the film adaptation and the book is the way the movie handled the theme of justice. The movie’s heart was built around Tom Robinson’s case, while the book touches on other social aspects of the Maycomb community. For example, Calpurnia’s family had limited access to education and church, which shows the clear racial division due to the Jim Crow Laws. However, those changes did not detract from the profound message of the author, such as racial injustice, the loss of innocence, and moral courage.
Despite its narrow focus, the movie still delivers timeless lessons to viewers today. Atticus Finch stands as a role model for having the moral courage to stand up for what’s right by committing to defending Tom Robinson, even if it is unconventional. Atticus shows the viewer that true courage is not all about winning but about standing up for justice, even when it’s unpopular and dangerous. The lesson of empathy – Atticus teaches his children to work in someone’s shoes before passing judgment, is still important today.
Conclusion
The movie adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird was excellent. The choice of black and white gave the film a timeless, melancholy feel that perfectly matched the gravity of the story’s theme. However, there are some differences between the book and the film. The movie focuses on the books’ themes, allowing them to deliver their central message with clarity and power.
The movie delivered a strong message that racial injustice exists in the United States and the importance of moral courage in standing up against it. Released during the height of the civil rights movement in the United States, the film played a role in raising awareness and fostering empathy for those people who were fighting for equality at that time. It still impacts beyond its time and echoes important lessons to viewers.
The movie is rated 18+. I encourage you to watch or rewatch it.
ReferencesOscars (Director). (2012, April 16). Scout (Mary Badham) from “To Kill a Mockingbird” talks about the making of the film [Video recording]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RijbFbpSqJo
Today, I plan to finish this round of deck painting. We have been working on this project since August. Preparing for the painting took a lot of time, but we were nearly finished. For the last part, we have to work on touching up the painting. Once the paint is dried, we can see the spot we missed during the initial coat painting.
Our deck already looks good with the dark paint we picked. There is something we learned about the paint the other day. There are so many types of paint, but for an aged deck like ours, we must use solid color paint on it. We picked a great one. My wife had sympathy for our deck. She still carries Japanese culture, and she automatically sees that things we use also have spirit, sounding like spring from Sanderson’s Stormlight archives, right? It is exciting and fabulous at the same time. Despite our cultural differences, we still married happily.
After breakfast, I’ll work on painting our deck. Unfortunately, we cannot work on the vertical railing supports at this time. That requires serious cleaning and replacement. One of the supports near the top of the railing post was rotten to the point that the support system needed replacing the part. My wife tried to stop rotten by grinding them out and sealing them with the wood hardener; however, she says this is like a temporary fix that needs serious fixing in the near future. Due to the time restriction, she did not want to stop the deck painting process. The morning temperature goes below 50F some days, worrying my wife.
We will start working on the railing and railing support once the temperature rises above 50 degrees F in the morning next year. Of course, we will paint them as well. Once we’ve repaired the steps, more painting will be done in the next few years.
My wife and I have sore glutes today from all the squatting we did yesterday while painting the decking. My toe is feeling much better, and I’m pretty sure I’ll be able to run again tomorrow. I was able to walk normally by last evening. Putting on socks and shoes has been the most painful task thus far, so it takes me a little longer.
Some days are full of disappointments. Today is one of those days. Last night, I banged my toe on a door. I thought the pain would go away, but it got even more painful. It was just one toe on my left foot, but I struggled to walk. I could not run this morning because of the toe injury.
Even more disappointing. I lost my 648-day streak on my language learning app, not because I missed a day. Yesterday, my language app was acting strangely and initially wouldn’t load the day’s lesson. It eventually loaded, and I completed it, but apparently, it didn’t record that. I know it is just a streak on the app. In reality, I actually did not even miss a day. It is still disturbing.
Meanwhile, this situation is getting worse than I thought. I mean, I just hit it on a door! All I was doing was putting away some freshly laundered towels, minding my own business, and next thing I knew, my foot was too close to the closet door when I opened it—bam, right into my toe. With the pain, I had great difficulty walking, but I am trying to walk with as normal a gait as possible to avoid additional injury. An additional injury is the last thing I want at this point. Who expected a little banging to create so much trouble? My wife was worried about my toe. Although, I don’t think the injury is so severe that I will need any professional attention now.
On a day like this, I try to remember the moral points I learned from books. Have you ever read the book, “A Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy”? Well, the story is like the problem the protagonist faces. Arthur was freaking out about his house being bulldozed, and meanwhile, there was a plan to eradicate Earth. The book is comical, but it teaches something. Maybe the problem you think is so bad may not be that bad. In other words, avoid getting so caught up in the little problems. Thinking like this makes me feel calmed down.
Hopefully, I’m feeling well enough not to feel forced to skip additional runs. I don’t want to miss any more runs because of a tiny injury on my toe, and I miss it. Well, time will tell.
We have been working on our deck for a while. We discovered that the deck preparation required much more work and patience than we initially anticipated. One of the problems we faced was the sap on the deck. We had sap from the maple tree all over the deck in our backyard, and it was a real hassle. My wife, multitasking between work and cleaning, was trying to tackle the sticky mess. The sap stuck to everything, including the tools we were using. While we worked, she mentioned how the sap reminded her of pine resin—the kind she used when playing stringed instruments.
After wrestling with the sap for a while, I reached my breaking point. But our conversation about pine resin gave me an idea. I very briefly played the violin when I was younger, and I remembered that the resin softens with heat. It made me think about how I always warm honey in the winter to make it pliable. I decided to try the same method with the sap. I boiled water using our electric kettle and poured it directly onto the sap.
To my surprise, the boiling water softened the sap right away. I’d expected to have to scrape the sticky stuff afterward, but when I poured the water over the sap-covered boards, it just washed away. There was hardly anything left to scrape! I’ll check the deck again once it’s fully dry, just to make sure the sap doesn’t resolve, but for now, it seems like the hot water did the trick.
It was a pleasant surprise to see how well my plan worked. It’s funny how a bit of knowledge or past experience can spark an idea. I bet there are probably plenty of videos or articles out there on removing sap, but figuring it out on my own gave me a sense of satisfaction that’s hard to beat. I feel like we are pretty ready for painting.
Oh, great! It looks like the rain has finally passed. For the past several days, my wife and I haven’t been able to work on our deck project. The morning temperatures have dropped below 70°F regularly, though it’s still warm enough for painting. However, I can’t help but feel some time pressure. My wife has been reading up on how to restain the deck and learned that the process needs to be done within a certain temperature range. She suggested we aim for early October when temperatures should be between 65°F and the high 70s, a perfect window for the work.
The deck project is something my wife had been planning months in advance. Spring slipped by, though, as her schedule was too packed to get to it, and we missed the ideal weather. Since moving to Nashville, we’ve had relatively dry summers, but the heat here is no joke. Most days reach over 90°F, which is far from ideal for painting a deck. At least we managed to keep the yard looking decent. Once my wife snagged a couple of days off, we used the opportunity to powerwash the deck.
It wasn’t until after we cleaned it that we realized the decking boards were in worse condition than we’d thought. Some were starting to rot, but the old paint had been hiding the damage. My wife researched how to fix the wood, and she hopes to replace the decking in a few years. For now, though, it looks like our preparation work will take longer than expected since repairs need to be made. I’ve been sanding the deck for quite some time, trying to get it ready.
Then, a hurricane hit. It didn’t directly impact our city, but it brought days of rain. Now that the rain has finally stopped, I’m tempted to finish the sanding, but I know better. The boards are probably still soggy, and sanding wet wood is never a good idea. I’ll give them another day to dry out before continuing tomorrow.
Once I finish sanding, my wife is hoping we can paint next weekend. That would be exciting—we’d finally be able to wrap up this project! Of course, there are still stairs to repair, and the path that runs around that corner of the house will need to be redone, but those are separate enough to tackle later. For now, finishing the deck is the main goal.
I’ve heard of To Kill a Mockingbird. My mother was a great fan of Gregory Peck, who played Atticus in the movie. I also heard many of my friends talk about reading this book as their English reading project.
It was the banned book project that made me pick up this book. I liked this book, just like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. After researching the period, I learned something new. I migrated to the United States about a decade ago, and I didn’t know about the Jim Crow Laws. The author addresses many social issues, some of which still exist in our society. Most importantly, I learned something important, which is moral courage.
Plot Summary
Scout lives in Maycomb, a small town in Alabama, with her father, Atticus, and her brother, Jem. Atticus is a lawyer in Maycomb. Her mother passed away two years after Scout was born, so she has no memory of her. Don’t worry. She had her loving father, Atticus, and Calpurnia, a colored servant, taught her not only reading but also imparting life lessons.
Every summer, a boy named Dill stays with his aunt, who lives next door. They got to know each other very quickly. Dill was a fun boy who was full of tall tales. Jem, Scout, and Dill spend much time together during summer exploring. Boo (Arthur) Radley lives south of Atticus’s house. People made all kinds of creepy rumors about Boo Radley because he never showed up in public. Jem is fascinated by Boo, so he asks many things about Boo and tells Scout and Dill many creepy stories about Boo.
Now, the children are all curious. One day, Dill dered Jem to march to the front yard of Boo Radley. Jem was hesitant at first, but he touched the house with courage. Dill and Jem are working so hard to try various schemes to get Boo out of his home. One day, Nathen, Boo’s bother, chased them off from the property with a shotgun from their property.
When school started, Scout, already an advanced reader, got into trouble with her teacher, who disapproved of her ability to read ahead of her classmates. Her teacher also prohibited Scout from reading, insisting she must learn how to read by blank at school.
Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in the tree knot outside their house. They enjoyed them. They got chewing gums, a medal, and then a watch. So, they wrote a thank you note to whoever was giving them a gift, but Boo’s father, Nathern, filled the tree-knot with cement. Scout found Jem was crying with frustration.
That winter, Maycomb experienced a freezing winter. In the early morning, Miss Maudie’s house was on fire. While watching the fire burn down Miss Maudie’s house, someone put a blanket around Scout’s shoulder. Atticus told Scout that Boo Radley put the blanket around Scout, but she did not notice at the time.
One day, tensions arose in town because Atticus was appointed to defend Tom Robinson, a black person falsely accused of sexually assaulting a white woman. Scout’s classmates and even her relatives ridicule Atticus for defending Tom, and Scout fights with her cousin Francis after he insults her father.
Scouts started to wonder why her father was different from others in town. She thought Atticus was old, but one day, Jem’s and Scout’s perception of their father changed. One day, a rabid dog appeared in the neighborhood, and the sheriff came to Atticus to shoot the dog. Atticus one-shotted the dog. Atticus is the best at shooting. She also found out he was good at many other things.
One day, Calpunia suggests Jem and Scout go to her black church. Scout noticed that Calpunia talked differently around her people. Lula told Calpunia off for bringing Jem and Scout to the church, but other people welcomed them and thanked them for her father for defending poor Tom. In the Church, she observed that there were no hymn books. Calpunia told Scout that that was because no one could read. At church, She found out Bob Ewell was accusing Tom of, which Scout did not comprehend.
Their Aunt Alexandria started to live with them so that her aunt could give their children a “feminine influence.” Everyone invited her aunt to tea at home, and she became the center of the town’s social life. Aunt Alexandra told Atticus to get rid of Capurnial, but Atticus firmly refused. Jem tells Scout not to worry about Atticus so much because he is worried about Defending Tom. Scout was mad at Jem because he was ordering around. After she said goodnight, she stepped on something warm. She went to Jem to check under her bed, and they found Dill. He escaped from his host family. Dill’s new stepfather not only neglected him but also cruelly punished him. He was bound in a chair and left to die in the basement because his new father disliked him. Dill somehow managed to escape and came to their house. Jem notified Atticus that Dill was with them. Atticus agreed that Dill could stay with them.
As Tom’s trial approaches, the threat of mob violence looms large- a possibility of people harming Tom. Atticus was worried that Tom would get attacked by a lynched mob, so he went to stand guard outside the jail. At about 10 o’clock, Jem snuck out of the house with Scout and Jill and followed Atticus. Four cars drove in, and a group of men got out. Scout raced out from the hiding place. Atticus told his children to go home. Jem refuses. Scout looked around the group and spotted Mr. Cunningham, her classmate’s father. She started to talk about his legal entailments and his son. She told him to say “hey to his son. Mr. Cunningham felt ashamed and defused the situation. (Scout’s innocence saved the many lives that night).
Trial started. Everyone attends, except for Ms. Maudie. Jem, Scout, and Dill tried to sneak into a courtroom without being noticed by Atticus. They waited too long, so they got a seat on the balcony where only African Americans could sit. Atticus did cross-examine; no doctor was summoned at the time the girl was injured, and her bruises were on the right side of her face – it becomes clear that Mayella’s injuries were inflicted by someone left-handed, like her father, Bob Ewell, not Tom, who has a crippled left arm. Jem was confident of the victory. To his surprise, all 12 jury members gave the verdict of guilty. The night Jem Cried. Jem complained to Miss Maudie that he no longer thinks good things about people in this city. She tells Jem that there are still good things about this city and points out why the judge appointed Atticus to defend Tom.
Bob Ewell is humiliated by the trial, so he starts harassing people involved in the case. Everyone is worried except for Atticus. When Scout asked Atticus what happen to Tom if he lost, Atticus told her that he would get electrocuted as rape is a capital offense in Alameda. Atticus said that Alabama always favored a white man over a black man, but he hoped to win in the higher court. Scout also discovers that Cunningham, one of the jury members for Tom’s trial, wants to acquit. When Scout wanted to invite Walter Cunningham to the dinner, Aunt Alexandra forbade Scout to ask him. Scout found out that there are class systems from Jem.
One day, Aunt Alexandra invited Scout to her gathering for a missionary circle. Scout looked like a girl and even acted like a lady. Suddenly, Atticus appeared and told Calpunia that Tom Robinson was shot 17 times in his attempt to escape from the prison. Mr. Underwood wrote a long editorial stating that Tom’s death is like shooting an innocent man.
On Halloween, there was a Halloween agricultural pageant in which every school kid portrayed themselves as food. Scout dressed like a Ham. On the way back home, Jem kept hearing the noise. Then suddenly, they are attacked by a man. Jem tried to protect Scout. Boo Radley emerges from the middle of nowhere to save them, killing Bob Ewell in the process.
Atticus thought it was Jem who killed Boo in self-defense. The sheriff said it was not Jem who killed Bob Ewell despite knowing it was Boo who killed Bob Ewell, The sheriff said Tom Robinson died for no good reason, and now the responsible for Tom’s death is dead. Scout saw that putting Bob into the spotlight would be just like a sin to kill a mockingbird.
As Scout reflects on these events, she finally understands her father’s advice to consider other perspectives to understand a person truly.
Historical Contextual Analysis
The Jim Crow Law
In order to understand the book on a deeper level, we have to discuss the Jim Crow Laws. This novel is set in the 1930s. Slavery was abolished after the Civil War; however, there was an awful law that legally relegated African Americans to second-class citizenship. According to Jim Crow Museum (n.d.) The Jim Crow Laws were enforced in the southern part of the United States, mandating the separation of races in public places from the 1870s to the mid-1960s. Even Christian ministers and theologians taught white people as the “chosen people” and that African people existed to serve white people.
One tragic event, Tom Robinson’s trial, reflects on the realities in the United States around this time. The reason Atticus was worried that the lynching mob would assault Tom Robinson. Lynching against African Americans during the time to control African Americans (Berreys et al.,n.d). As Atticus’s anticipation, all 12 juries gave the verdict of guilty to Tom Robinson for assaulting Mayella Ewell despite the evidence suggesting the deep racial discrimination around this time. When Jem spoke up against it, he explained that a black man could not win against the accusation of a white man. And Mayella’s accusation of rape, despite her lies, led to the conviction of Tom Robinson and his death.
The Jim Crow laws physically separated whites and African-Americans at the time. Scout also noticed the racial division; they went to different churches. When Calpurnia, their African-American servant, went to the church, Scout noticed that Calpurnia talked and acted differently among her people. The church had no hymn book because African-American people could not read. Later, she found out that African Americans did not have schools to go to. During Tom’s Trial, African Americans had to watch the trial from the balcony.
When we look into the history around the time the story was staged, we start to see how special Atticus was. Unfortunately, some racial discrimination still exists in the United States.
Scout’s tomboyish nature contrasts with traditional expectations of women.
The expectations for women and girls are rigidly defined. Women are expected to be confined to domestic roles, maintain the house, and care for their children. They are expected to attend social activities such as missionary circles. Scout’s aunt, Alexandra, expected Scout to attend one of those social activities in dress. In reality, Scout hates to be in a dress. Alexandra is concerned that Scout lacks “feminine influences” as her mother died two years after her birth.
Scout, however, resents those conventions of what a lady should be. Instead, she prefers wearing overalls, climbing trees, and playing physical games with her brother Jem and friend Dill. She is a tomboy. She even strongly resented behaving like a lady when Jem told her to act like one by jumping onto Jem. She also attacked her cousin Francis for mocking Atticus. As a result, Scout gets into trouble with someone like Aunt Alexandra.
Character Analysis
Why The Story’s Narration Was Made From Scout
The books are mostly written from Scout’s perspective. The narration flipped between Scout as an innocent kid and Scout as an adult, reflecting on her childhood. This book talks about racism, classism, and prejudice, which are grim. Because the narration is from Scout’s innocent perspective, the tone is light and even humorous despite describing dreadful events.
Scout is ignorant and innocent, just like most girls her age. Her morality is closely tied to her interaction with Atticus, Calpunia, Jem, and Miss Maudie, and she slowly internalizes it as the story progresses. At the end of the book, she uses the metaphor of Mockingbird when She begins to grasp the complexities of morality.
Scout’s moral growth is different from that of Jem’s. Jem, unlike Scout, is aware of more things. When Scout gets to fight with Cnuungham’s kid, he invites the boy over to the house. He has a lot of growth as the story progresses. When Dill escapes his house, Jem lets Atticus know where Dill is, indicating that he understands the responsibility, even if that is breaching a kid’s secret code.
Jem became an adult man when he saw his father was about to be attacked by Lynch Mobs. He disobeyed his father because he sincerely feared for his father’s safety. Ironically, it was more likely Scout’s innocent behavior toward Cunningham stopped the lynch mobs, the possible deaths of many that night. He is still a kid, believing in the fair justice and the goodness of the people of Maycomb, which was shuttered and broke his heart after Tom’s trial.
Atticus as A Moral Figure
Scout’s father, Atticus Finch, is portrayed as a moral figure. He stands up for justice and equality, which makes him more remarkable as this is the time when racial discrimination was legalized in the place where they live. It was considered highly unconventional to defend an African American like Tom Robinson. The trial in the novel was still highly biased, which led to an innocent man like Tom Robinson’s death.
He portrays a consistent moral figure and believes in fairness and justice. He is a loving father. The quote that best represents his character is: “The main one is, if I didn’t, I couldn’t hold up my head in town, I couldn’t represent this county in the legislature. I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again.”In the book, he also discusses his views of being a hero to his children. His definition of the Hero is not someone strong but someone who can protect a weaker or someone who acts on their belief.
While Atticus is portrayed as a moral figure, I saw some flaws in him. His sense of justice is so strong that he imposes it upon his children. For example, he forces Jem to read to Mrs. Dubose as punishment for destroying her garden. In reality, Mrs. Dubose was racist and mean and insulted the children. Atticus said she had a morphine addiction, but that does not justify her menacing actions like she did. This raises the question: Atticus may be expecting too much from his children.
Atticus understands that people can be both evil and good. Some people, like Bob Ewell, are a menace and evil. While he tells his children that it is essential to see people from their perspective, he fails to see how someone like Bob Ewell could harm his children.
Boo Radley as A Enigmatic Figure
Boo Radley is an enigmatic figure in the novel. Lee uses some Southern Gothic themes in the book, describing him as mysterious and creepy, just like a Halloween monster. We can see this from how Jem described Boo Radley as dining on raw squirrels and any cats they could catch.
Boo Radley is a mysterious man who does not appear in public. Since Atticus never talked about Boo, Jem asked other people like Miss Crawford. The Gosshipy Miss Stephanie Crawford told Jem about Boo’s childhood event when Boo stabbed his father with scissors. The story we never be confirmed in the book; the more creepier the rumore gets, the more children are fascinated by the story of Boo Radley.
He was protective of Jem and Scout. There was the narrative from his perspective from chapter 31 of the book where we could learn how he perceived the story from his end. “Autumn again, and Boo’s Children needed him.” Despite the trouble these children caused, he cared for and protected children in his way by putting a blanket on Scout, saving children, and getting rid of Bob Ewell from the town.
He reminded me of Lennie Small from “Of Mice and Men.” How Boo is portrayed in the book suggests he struggles with mental illness. Miss Stephanie commented that Boo was to be sent to Asylum; instead, he was kept locked in a house. He does not fit the townie’s narrow view of “normal.” Adding to his peculiar behavior makes townee see him as some kind of monstrous figure; in reality, Boo is a mockingbird.
The Symbolism and Motifs To Enhance The Novel’s Meaning
The author addresses multiple themes in the book, which include the destruction of innocence, racial justice, and moral courage. To understand the novel in a deeper level, we should consider what is the symbolism shown in the story and how characters such as Tom Robinson and Boo Radley related.
The Mockingbird as a Symbol in the World
Mockingbird is the state bird for multiple states in the United States. Tennesses’s state bird is also the Moking bird. Lee’s choice of the mockingbird is a central metaphor of the novel, and she highlights the vulnerability of goodness in a world tainted by prejudice and justice. As Miss Maudie said, mockingbirds are harmless to the garden and exist only to bring beauty and goodness.
Mockingbirds describe people like Tom Robinson and Boo Radley, who are vulnerable to the cruelty of society despite their goodness. Tom Robinson always helped the Ewell household without anything in return, yet he is being prosecuted for a crime he never committed. Boo Radley is also an excellent hurt man, trying to protect children in his way, misunderstood by the community.
Just like Mockingbirds, Tom and Boo are also harmless but good to society. Tom has been helping the Ewells with their house chores for free on multiple occasions. Boo took care of Atticus’s children in his ware. However, that society is often quickly destroyed by mockingbirds, someone like Tom and Boo, through racial injustice, fear of the unknown, or social expectations.
The Theme of Moral Courage
The author addresses several social issues throughout the book. One of the most important was the theme of moral courage. Many of us think that a hero is someone with power, strength, or success. Lee is messaging readers that the true hero is someone who can display the quiet determination to do what is right despite the likelihood of failure or social backlash.
Several characters in the novel exhibit moral courage; however, Atticus is a prominent example of all of them. Not only did he demonstrate his commitment to justice, where everyone in the United States should be equal in the court, but he also consistently demonstrated his view of his heroism. You will see his view of heroism when he says, “When you know you’re licked before you begin, but you begin anyway, and you see it through no matter what.” (Lee, 1952, p. 127)
Atticus knew that it was more likely that Tom Robinson would lose in the trial from the beginning.
It was so unconventional that an African person would win against any white male at the time. I bet Atticus faced overwhelming societal pressure, which Jem or great aunt noticed after Atticus took on the role of defending. It was Atticus’s quiet determination to do what is right that moved many people’s hearts, even though he lost the case. He taught his children, including Dill, by showing what he believed was right.
The Important Lessons From The Book
As I pointed out earlier, Lee wanted to say in this book that society is often quick to destroy innocence due to racial injustice, fear of the unknown, or social expectations. Multiple times, “it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird” is emphasized, and this sentiment captures the moral wrong of punishing the innocent for society’s prejudices and fear.
There is a part where Atticus teaches his children that real courage is not a man with a gun. Still, it is someone who stands up for their principles even when facing inevitable defeat. Atticus shows children that throughout the story. Lee delivers a moral lesson to stand up for what is right, even when it is unconventional, just like Atticus.
Atticus’s view is not someone who is strong but can stand up with their principal. He made me think about someone like Martin Luther King Jr., an author who constantly told us that courage is rooted in moral resilience rather than being strong. Knowing that Tom Robinson had great challenges winning the case or the social backlash he and his family would face, he demonstrated his belief in moral courage. A person like Atticus could eliminate existing social issues.
Like other parts of the world, the U.S. made mistakes in the past. However, I want to point out that our society has become much better than it was a long time ago. People like Atticus in the book made a change by demonstrating their version of Moral Courage. There are still a lot more social issues we need to work on.
Unfortunately, these books are banned in some parts of the United States for the use of derogatory words. The book taught me an important moral lesson. When you become 18 years old, I hope you will put this book as one of a book to read.
As I woke up, I heard the sound of rain hitting our roof. This morning began with frustration as heavy rain blanketed the area. While I don’t usually mind running in the rain, starting a run when it’s already pouring is always tough. I checked my phone, hoping for a break in the weather, but the forecast showed steady rain all day.
My first thought was to postpone my run until tomorrow. Then, I stopped my thought. The rain is expected to continue, which isn’t exactly what I think is ideal. I don’t enjoy running in the rain, but I also didn’t want to miss out on the several days of running. Despite the hard rain earlier, the rain did not seem as heavy as it had sounded earlier. So, I weighed my options. If I didn’t run today, I wouldn’t have another chance for days. With that in mind, I decided to brave the rain.
I grabbed my windbreaker to shield myself from the initial downpour, knowing it wouldn’t keep me dry for long. The rain was part of a hurricane moving through Georgia. While hurricane rain in summer feels dense and muggy, autumn rain brings a chilly bite, even if that was caused by the hurricane. My wife, who usually avoids running in the rain, mentioned that the rain was more of a mist when she went out earlier. She also felt the pressure to run today, knowing the weather would only worsen in the coming days.
Stepping outside, I was met with cold, wet air. My shoes, still damp from yesterday’s run, made every step squishy. After covering about a kilometer, I realized that running the full 5k in these conditions would be uncomfortable. I gave myself an incentive: if I could beat my target pace and hold it for at least half a kilometer, I would allow myself to stop early. This kilometer of extra push somehow worked, and I managed to hit my goal, cutting the run short at 3 kilometers from the distance I originally planned.
I headed back home soaking wet. While I was running, I felt the water pushing out of my shoes. The rain had washed sweat and remnants of my face moisturizer into my eyes while I was running, which were stinging by the time I got home. As soon as I arrived, I jumped into a hot shower.
Unfortunately, it looks like today’s rain will prevent me from finishing the sanding project I had planned. Hopefully, there will be enough dry weather tomorrow to finish it; otherwise, it’ll have to wait until the skies clear.
In the end, I got my run in, even though it was only 3 kilometers, and that’s what matters most to me. I still consider it a success.
Just like every other day this past week, my morning began with applying paint stripper to one of the boards on our deck. Yesterday, I didn’t finish as many boards as I had planned, leaving more work to be done. This deck project has added to my already packed schedule, so I’ve had to find time to squeeze it in.
My wife can only help on the weekends. Sometimes, I catch her working on the deck after her job, but with her early starts, she rarely has time during the week. Knowing I have more free hours than she does, I’ve decided to take on the bulk of the work myself.
I have a deadline in mind for finishing the stripping and sanding. With winter approaching, even here in Nashville, I want to wrap everything up by the first or second week of October. Thankfully, our deck is relatively small—we only have about 25 boards to work on.
The days are definitely getting shorter, and I’m becoming more aware of how long I can work before it gets dark. Last night, I finished scraping the last board well after sunset. However, in the morning light, I realized I had missed a few spots. The darkness made me less thorough than I thought, so I had to go back and re-scrape that board to catch what I missed.
We’ve been using a combination of paint remover and a sander for this job. My wife was planning to help repair the deck this weekend, but with a hurricane approaching, I don’t think that will happen. I’m tackling about two to three boards daily, which has worked well. Since it takes time for the paint stripper to soften, I try to fit my other tasks into the waiting periods.
One challenge we’ve run into is the sap from a maple tree that’s hardened onto the deck, making my work trickier. My wife noticed it last weekend and wondered where it was coming from. I pointed to a maple tree in the woods beyond our backyard. It’s at least 10 feet away from the deck, and there aren’t any branches hanging over it, so I figure the wind must be blowing the sap onto the boards.
The weather has been pleasant lately. We had a few hot days this week, but the breeze felt cool even then. The leaves on the maple—the culprit—are starting to change color. Autumn is nearly here in Nashville, and I love it. It’s such a beautiful time of year. I’ve been working on the deck while listening to audiobooks, which makes the process a bit more relaxing. I hope I can get sanding done before my target day.
Today, I ran shorter than usual. Earlier in the week, I was able to run at a faster pace, so I decided to scale down my 10k run to 5k. This also worked out with my wife and I’s other plans. We planned to shop for new running shoes since both of ours had exceeded their mileage. Running on worn-out shoes increases the risk of injury, so it was time for replacements.
During the day, I had a pleasant surprise—a neighbor I hadn’t met before came over to introduce herself. She lives in a house with a garden my wife has always admired, so I was happy to finally learn her name. My wife often sees her while running during the summer when the neighbor is out tending to her plants. Her garden really is one of the prettiest in the area.
She mentioned that bunnies had been nibbling on her plants, but they had since disappeared, likely due to a nearby fox. My wife had mentioned spotting a fox recently, though she wasn’t sure at the time, as it darted off quickly behind a house. It made her a little sad when I told her about the missing bunnies. She knows it’s just part of the food chain but enjoys seeing the rabbits around. Once, she even witnessed an owl hunting one, which left her quite upset. Early runs let you witness a lot of unique wildlife moments. On the other hand, I usually run a bit later, so I miss out on some of those events.
There are always people walking or running in our neighborhood. Most are friendly and enjoy striking up a conversation mid-run. Since moving to Nashville, I’ve met a lot of our neighbors this way. My wife runs early in the mornings and often sees familiar faces, but she doesn’t stop chatting much since she likes to start her workday early.
Meeting new people is always a good thing, and it’s nice to know more of our neighbors. Unfortunately, I forgot to pause my running app while talking, so it recorded the time I spent standing still at my average speed. Despite that, the app still saved the times, and the recorded run wasn’t completely off. At the end of the day, the numbers didn’t matter too much—what’s important is that I got in my exercise and got to know another neighbor, which is something I value in its own way.
l struggle. I’ve never figured out the direct cause of my problem. It could be anything: the weather, the temperature, my husband’s health, or even work stress. After several nights of poor sleep, I finally reached my breaking point and decided to tackle the issue head-on.
I am constantly worried about something. I limit my worries to things I can have some control over, but I worry about many things to the point that my husband is amazed by them. I generally research everything so that I can identify obstacles or challenges ahead of time before I schedule the tasks. It is my personality that makes me worry about many things. Some may find I am well-planned, but it can be stressful regardless.
This ongoing anxiety seems to have thrown off my internal clock. I started falling asleep about 45 minutes later than usual, which cut down my total sleep time. Before all this began, I had no trouble clocking over seven hours of sleep each night, excluding the brief periods my Fitbit marked as awake time. Around 40-45% of that sleep used to be deep or REM sleep. But Deep and REM sleep have been harder since the trouble started. My sleep quantity shrank to six hours a night, and though I’d spend eight hours in bed, two of those would be restless wakefulness.
Only recently did I realize how much I took sleep for granted. I could not even recall the last time I had a sleeping problem like that. I usually fall asleep quickly. Lately, though, I find myself lying awake, turning over the day’s worries in my mind one hour past my sleep time. I meditated on the day like that, hoping to drift off, but it wasn’t enough. My wake-up time crept later by about 15 minutes, though that didn’t help much, especially with the mornings getting darker. I still stick to my running routine despite my lack of sleep. I thought that I would not be able to sleep if I stopped exercising. Running would give me energy, but I feel more fatigued these days. Of course, I could still blame my hormone imbalance, given my age, but I wasn’t ready to let it slide that easily. This problem must be stopped. So, I focused on my lifestyle and started looking for answers.
Sleeping Issues
After one week of sleeping problems, I decided to observe what symptoms I started to have. I will never intentionally deprive myself of sleep in the future. Fortunately, I keep various biometrics such as weight, drinking, heart rate, and so on. This would be a perfect opportunity to observe firsthand what happens when sleep falls short. I want to talk about the effects I personally noticed during this period.
Weight Problem
One thing I noticed almost immediately, thanks to my food journal and regular weigh-ins, was the impact on my weight. I’ve been working on shedding a few pounds through exercise and maintaining a slight calorie deficit. However, no matter how much I exercised, the weight just didn’t come off as quickly as I hoped. In August, I lost less than a pound. WebMD explains that sleep deprivation triggers a spike in cortisol, which leads the body to conserve energy (Paturel, 2022). In addition, when you don’t sleep enough, your insulin sensitivity drops by as much as 30%. This means the body struggles to process fats from the bloodstream, and unprocessed fats end up being stored (para. 10-13). It’s a frustrating cycle.
Productivity
Despite struggling with sleep, I kept up with my running routine. But instead of feeling energized like usual, I felt drained. On a typical day, a morning run would boost my energy for the day. My heart rate would pump from a morning run, and my body would be filled with abandoned energy.
It was a little different during this time. I was a walking Zombie. The more I ran, the more fatigued I felt. Some days, it was like the feeling you get when you’re abruptly woken up from the middle of your deep sleep, leaving you groggy and disoriented. One day, I felt so sick that I tried slowing down on days I wasn’t feeling well, but ironically, my energy dropped even more.
With my naturally low heart rate and blood pressure, exercise usually helps me wake up. Still, without enough sleep, it wasn’t doing the trick. It’s no surprise that studies on military personnel have shown sleep deprivation can reduce cognitive function by up to 70% (Scharre and Fish, 2018, p. 7). The struggle was real.
From the log from my running app, my running pace also took a hit, dropping by 10-15 seconds per kilometer. Some might chalk that up to the August weather, but I usually run early in the morning when the temperature is fairly mild. Even in Nashville’s August heat, it’s about 68-73F degrees at 5:30 a.m., so that shouldn’t have impacted my pace. As September crept in and the sun rose later, I found myself forcing my body awake, feeling groggy and sluggish, almost like I was under a sleep spell. Still, I pushed through, determined not to lose my running time, even if I had to rely purely on willpower to get myself moving.
Focus Level
There’s no doubt that sleep plays a massive role in maintaining our focus. No matter how much I tried to learn during this time, my brain was on strike. Even focusing on stories in books became a challenge. I kept a journal of my planned tasks for the day, noting which ones I completed. On average, I could only get through all my tasks listed two or three days out of the week. The only silver lining was that I didn’t depend solely on motivation to meet my goals. Despite feeling like a zombie, I pushed through, albeit at a much slower pace.
Strategies
By the third week, I’d had enough of my sleep struggles and decided it was time to take action. The sleep problems started impacting me with my work. I began by analyzing the problem itself, listing out everything that could be affecting my sleep, and considering whether any adjustments were needed. Being naturally stoic, I already have a few healthy habits in place. I exercise consistently, keep track of my calorie intake, and meditate daily. So, what could I tweak? The biggest changes I saw potential in were getting more sunlight, eating more vegetables, and cutting out blue light before bedtime.
Here’s the breakdown of what I evaluated:
Not enough sunlight in the morning → I made it a point to step outside and soak in some early sunlight each day.
Nutrition → I decided to up my vegetable intake and add more variety to my meals.
Exercise → No changes here. I’m already on top of it.
Meditation → No change needed. This habit is firmly in place.
Stress Level → Again, no significant changes. I already have stress management techniques I rely on.
Blue Light → I made a conscious effort to stop using my computer 90 minutes before bedtime and avoid my smartphone while in the bedroom.
Temperature → No adjustments. It wasn’t a factor for me.
In short, I took a hard look at my routine and focused on the areas where I could introduce improvements while keeping the elements that were already working for me.
What Happened After Making My Changes
The first change I made was getting sunlight. One afternoon, I spent over two hours working on our deck under the sun—don’t worry, I used sun protection. The result? I felt incredibly sleepy, but unfortunately, it hit me at the wrong time. I almost gave in to taking a nap, but I knew sleeping for over an hour would affect my ability to sleep at night. Instead, I settled for a quick 10-minute nap. I felt the nap itself didn’t make a huge difference, but it was better than nothing. That night, I got a solid seven hours of sleep. Getting more sunlight made me sleepy. It makes sense since exposure to sunlight helps regulate your body’s melatonin production.
Unfortunately, I didn’t have the luxury of getting a few hours of sunlight every day.
The second change I made was eating one more cup of salad every day. Increasing my vegetable intake also had a positive impact on my sleep quality. I kept my bedtime consistent with what it had been for the past few weeks, but now I’m regularly getting at least seven hours of sleep. When I was looking into the potential solutions for my sleep issues, I found out that eating more plants or nuts could improve sleep quality. I was skeptical at first, but I decided to give it a try. Nothing to lose by doing that, right? I added an extra cup of salad to my daily intake, and surprisingly, it worked! I later found a journal article that confirmed my experience. It noted that people who consume more fruits and vegetables tend to have a lower dietary inflammatory index and experience better sleep than those who consume more sugar or energy-dense foods (Arslan et al., 2024, p. 2). I thought I was eating enough vegetables already, but it turns out I wasn’t.
Lastly, I stopped using devices that emit blue light before bed. I do have blue light-blocking glasses, but my sleep was more important than relying on them. Interestingly, I didn’t notice much difference in my sleep after cutting out blue light exposure. However, that’s likely because my sleep had already improved once I added more vegetables to my diet.
Conclusion
I’ll be honest. I still felt that my problem was serious. After several nights of restless sleep, anyone would feel uneasy, and I was no exception. I’ve noticed some negative impacts from the lack of sleep. So, on the way, I panicked. I tried breathing exercises or meditation on such nights. It didn’t help that I’d already encountered a few possible solutions, which only made me more anxious. Getting caught up in the fear that this might be a permanent issue is so easy. This time, eating more vegetables helped me. To be honest, I don’t know what really worked.
Now that I have reflected on the whole thing, I have turned this situation into a personal quest to solve instead of worrying about it. Once I see the problem as a quest, I can calmly think about the possible solutions instead of panicking. I researched and created a list of things I can do. Slowly, my worry shifted into curiosity instead of remaining a problem. Since the day I got a lot of sun, it made me sleep through the night, and I gained some hope.
I’ve made a lifelong commitment to staying healthy, and I worked at it hard. Initially, I found it fascinating—and a little ironic—that someone like me, who exercises daily and leads a generally healthy lifestyle, could still struggle with sleep issues. Life is full of surprises and learning, isn’t it? Then I realized how arrogant I was to even see myself like that. The truth is, I was far from perfect. This experience reminded me that there’s always room for improvement. It humbled me, showing me how arrogant it was to think I had everything figured out.
In many ways, this was a valuable learning experience. This experience made me reflect and see where adjustments could be made to improve my well-being further. Ultimately, it became an opportunity to refine my lifestyle, and I’m choosing to see it as a success.
References
Arslan, N., Bozkır, E., Koçak, T., Akin, M., & Yilmaz, B. (2024). From Garden to Pillow: Understanding the Relationship between Plant-Based Nutrition and Quality of Sleep. Nutrients, 16(16), Article 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162683
