Category: Natsuko’s Blog

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I See The Message Beneath the Action In Ender’s Game

~ Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card Part II

Ender’s Game is a military science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card, first published in 1985. Although initially targeted at a young adult audience, I found the book rich with philosophical themes that merit deeper exploration. There was so much to discuss that I split my analysis into two parts. If you’re unfamiliar with the story, I recommend reading the first part of my blog, where I cover the plot.

Moral Compass - Ender's Game Created by NightCafe

In the first part, I focused on Ender’s moral conflicts, leadership dynamics, and their impact on him. In this blog, I want to delve into the moral fabric of the society depicted in the book, the critical decisions made by humanity, and Ender’s deep compassion for the buggers, which drives his quest for redemption as he seeks to undo the harm he caused.

Humanity’s Desperate Gamble

The Earth was attacked by the buggers long ago, with the last victory against them achieved by Mazer Rackham in a battle that took place 70 years prior. No adult since then had been able to outmaneuver the buggers. As humanity prepared for the third and possibly final confrontation, they realized they needed someone who could think differently—someone who could finish the buggers once and for all. Shockingly, they decided that this someone had to be a child. From our perspective, this seems both horrifying and insane, but humanity was desperate to survive the impending bugger invasion.

Ender’s strategic brilliance reminded me of Hannibal during the Second Punic War. Under challenging conditions, Hannibal devised innovative tactics to defeat the Roman forces by marching through Spain, Gaul, and across the Alps with elephants—strategies that caught the Romans entirely off guard (Britannica, n.d.). Hannibal’s success was fueled by his deep understanding of Roman tactics and his desire for revenge, leading him to create entirely new approaches to warfare. Similarly, Ender’s creativity and unconventional thinking were crucial in developing new strategies against the buggers. While I’ve never found the original study by George Land often cited to suggest that children are more creative than adults, I must admit that children’s imagination can sometimes be astonishing. If Hannibal’s “surprise” tactics were effective, perhaps a child’s imaginative approach could similarly work in battle.

Graff likely saw someone who could be easily manipulated to accomplish the adults’ objectives in Ender. The battle training was introduced to the children as a game, like playing soccer, and combat exercises were presented to Ender as a computer simulation. This approach was a deliberate attempt by the adults to desensitize the children, blurring the lines between real war and games.

Ultimately, using children as tools in the war against the buggers was successful. However, this method raises significant ethical questions about the societal values depicted in the world of this book. It reveals deep moral compromises made to ensure human survival, leaving us to ponder the actual cost of such decisions.

The Critical Decision Made by Humanity

While it’s true that the buggers initiated the conflict by attacking humanity, I believe there are two primary reasons why humans ultimately decided to exterminate them: xenophobia and misunderstanding.

The buggers are fundamentally different from humans. They resemble ants despite having evolved beyond an exoskeleton. This stark difference triggers a common human tendency to discriminate against or dehumanize those who are not like us. The concept of the “Other” often emerges in such scenarios—a behavior known as xenophobia. Derived from the Greek words meaning “fear of strangers,” xenophobia is a fear or distrust of those perceived as outsiders. According to Faulkner et al.(2004), xenophobia may be an evolved survival mechanism in humans, initially to avoid disease (as cited in Wagner, Ryan, 2017, Apr 1).

The entire narrative of Ender’s Game revolves around this conflict between humans and the buggers. The insect-like appearance of the buggers, combined with their perceived threat to human existence, led humanity to see them as “Others” that must be exterminated. Wagner suggests that when faced with those perceived as “strangers,” humans often dehumanize them, leading to justifications for extreme actions like extermination (Wagner, 2017, Apr 1).

Humanity’s response to the buggers was driven by xenophobia, primarily due to their alien physiology. However, when Ender later encounters the bugger queen, he learns that the conflict is rooted in a tragic misunderstanding. The buggers, upon first contact, did not intend to kill humans; they simply didn’t realize that another sentient species existed in the universe. The queen emphasizes this by saying, “We are like you,” which reflects the parallel between Ender’s actions—exterminating the buggers without understanding what he was doing.

If the buggers had appeared more human-like, would humanity have chosen to eradicate them? It’s a question we can’t definitively answer. Perhaps if there had been some form of communication possible—despite the buggers’ telepathic abilities—humans might have sought a different path. Yet, the story suggests that humanity has a broader tendency to react with violence when confronted with the unknown, especially when those they face are so different that their extermination seems justified in human eyes.

Ender’s Connection with the Buggers

Ender saw a reflection of himself in the buggers. Just as the buggers were destined to remain permanent “others” in the eyes of humanity, Ender had always been an “other” in his own world. As the third child, he was an outcast from birth. His brother Peter, who often tormented him, always made Ender play the role of the buggers in their game of “buggers and astronauts.” In this game, the buggers could never win against the astronauts, reinforcing Ender’s role as the perpetual outsider. Even when Valentine tries to intervene and suggest that Ender play the astronaut, Peter ignores her. Ender was always cast on the side of the buggers.

At school, Ender was dehumanized by his classmate Stilson simply because he was a third, seen as less than human. Later, Ender unwittingly caused the deaths of others, mirroring the buggers’ tragic actions. When the buggers finally communicated with him, Ender understood their grief and guilt, recognizing a parallel to his own experiences.

From the moment Ender arrived at the I.F. academy, he was strategically isolated from the other students and his family to shape him into a general that adults could more easily control. This isolation, compounded by the loneliness of his childhood, fostered a deep empathy within Ender. He knew all too well what it meant to be different, which may have made it easier for the buggers to reach out to him—though tragically, it was too late to prevent their destruction.

Ender’s profound compassion for the buggers, combined with the sense of betrayal he felt from the adults who manipulated him, drove him to seek redemption for what had been done to both him and the buggers. Now, carrying the queen’s egg, he searches for a new planet where the buggers might live again, hoping to atone for the destruction he unknowingly caused.

I discovered Ender’s Game through the “Read These Banned Books” list published by the American Library Association. When I talked about reading this book, my co-worker, who is well-versed in science fiction, recommended it, assuring me it was an excellent read. I’m glad I took the time to explore it, as the novel is far more profound than I initially anticipated and has given me much to ponder.

At first, I struggled to grasp what the author was trying to convey beyond the surface of military science fiction and action. However, after nearly three weeks of analysis, I realized that the book critiques humanity’s tendency to dehumanize those we consider “Others.” It also highlights how we often justify our terrible deeds for survival or righteousness. Strangely, it reminded me of the long conflict between Rome and Carthage and how the legendary poet Virgil wrote The Aeneid to justify Rome’s actions—a reflection of how humans craft narratives to make sense of our choices and consequences.

I heard the sequel books are equally good as the first one. I will definitely read the sequel.

References

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2024, June 27). Second Punic War. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Second-Punic-War

Wagner, Ryan T. (2017). The Significant Influencing Factors of Xenophobia [Documents]. Digital Commons @ Olivet; Olivet Scholarship. Olivet Nazarene University. https://jstor.org/stable/community.37867572

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When A Child Manipulated Into Be A Great General

Book Analysis: Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card

Plot Summary

Ender’s Game is a military science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card, first published in 1985. Although it was initially aimed at a young adult audience, the book delves into profound philosophical themes, making it intriguing on many levels.

Card sets the story in a future where Earth has recently recovered from a global conflict resolved by the Warsaw Pact, likely due to a prominent external threat: an alien species known as the “buggers.” Faced with the menace of another invasion, Earth’s governments enforce strict population control policies, allowing families to have only two children. However, Ender Wiggin is a rare third child, conceived at the government’s request but still seen by society as an outcast.

Ender’s older brother, Peter, is cruel and torments him, while at school, Ender is bullied by a classmate named Stilson. Both Peter and Stilson view Ender as an “other,” a misfit much like the buggers themselves. Ender finds solace only in his relationship with his sister, Valentine, whom he trusts and loves deeply.

Determined to stop Stilson’s bullying once and for all, Ender fights back, unintentionally causing Stilson severe harm. This incident leads to Ender’s recruitment into the International Fleet (I.F.) military school, where he is groomed to become a commander. At the academy, Ender is deliberately isolated from his peers to cultivate his strategic brilliance. Despite the immense pressure and rapid promotions, Ender struggles with his growing leadership role, haunted by the fear that he may become as ruthless as Peter.

Ender’s time at the academy is fraught with challenges, including a life-threatening encounter with another student, Bonzo, who despises him. When Bonzo attempts to kill him, Ender fatally defends himself, further cementing his role as a leader. Eventually, Ender is put in charge of a final simulation game, leading his classmates to what they believe is a victory in a training exercise. However, Ender soon learns that this “simulation” is real, and he has unwittingly brought about the near-destruction of the bugger species.

Stricken with guilt and compassion for the buggers, Ender embarks on a quest for redemption. He discovers a surviving bugger queen in the form of an egg and carries it with him, determined to find a new home where the buggers can thrive once again. This mission becomes Ender’s way of atoning for the destruction he caused as he seeks to restore the life he once unwittingly obliterated.

When I first read this book, I was amazed by how closely the technologies in the novel mirror our own. What truly captivated me were the profound philosophical themes that add depth and complexity to the story. There was so much to explore and discuss that I found it challenging to narrow down my thoughts. 

To make it more manageable, I decided to divide my analysis into two parts. In this first part, I’ll focus on the moral conflicts, leadership dynamics, and their impact on Ender. In the second part, I’ll delve into the moral fabric of the society depicted in the novel, the critical decisions made by humanity, Ender’s deep compassion for the buggers, and his quest for redemption by seeking to save them.

Moral Conflicts as a Leader

As Colonel Graff of the I.F. anticipated, Ender became an exceptional leader. His strategic brilliance ensured that his team never lost in the battle games. He reminds me of historical figures like Bismarck and Hannibal—master tacticians who also knew how to inspire those around them. Ender wasn’t just a brilliant strategist but an effective teacher, patiently guiding his subordinates and providing them with the needed explanations. His presence as a commander was so strong that even his friends treated him with a newfound respect.

Ender’s leadership style contrasts sharply with his siblings, who, despite being equally intelligent, never made it to the I.F. academy. Peter leads through manipulation and fear, viewing the world as a game to be conquered, using any means necessary to achieve his goals, including manipulating his siblings as pawns. On the other hand, Valentine believes in leading through love and cooperation, striving to create a better society. She recognizes the darker aspects of power and subtly uses her intellect and influence to guide others, ensuring Peter’s ambitions are kept in check.

Ender wrestled with the weight of leadership because he understood that his decisions could have far-reaching consequences. Ender faced numerous moral dilemmas, such as manipulating Bean into a better leader. He grappled with the knowledge that while his decisions were effective, they sometimes caused harm to others. One example is when he sought to eliminate distractions during practice, hurting several students.

Each time his decisions cause someone to get hurt, Ender grows more fearful of becoming like his cruel brother, Peter. This fear drove him to distance himself from others, seeking solace in the fantasy game to cope with the moral burdens of leadership.

Tactical Isolation to Become a Great Leader

Graff deliberately isolated Ender from his family to mold him into a great leader. This separation profoundly impacted Ender, thrusting him into an entirely different environment with immense pressure to succeed. Despite facing numerous moral dilemmas, Ender had no one to turn to for comfort.

He was also isolated from his peers. From the first day at the military school, he was treated special, which led to resentment and hatred from the other students. Ender had no choice but to prove his worth. Still, he was further isolated through promotions whenever he began to form connections with his peers.

This isolation was a calculated decision by the adults at the I.F. Academy, designed to shape Ender into a brilliant general like Alexander the Great or Napoleon. They believed that forming close relationships would stifle his creativity as a strategic leader. By keeping him isolated, they ensured that Ender would have no one to rely on except for the academy’s authority figures. They justified this approach by claiming it was necessary for the survival of humanity, even at the cost of Ender’s childhood, innocence, and sanity.

From a young age, Ender understood what it meant to be an “Other,” as he was always “the third,” an outcast in society. However, his isolation from his sister, Valentine, deeply wounded him. He missed her intensely, and without her support, Ender sought refuge in a fantasy game. This game became his escape from the harsh realities he faced. Still, it also heightened his fear of becoming like his ruthless brother, Peter. The isolation intensified his struggle to resist his darker impulses.

Ender’s isolation was a deliberate tactic. He was forced to grow up quickly under immense pressure to become a great leader. This tactical isolation stripped Ender of his innocence and childhood, shaping him into a powerful weapon for the I.F. However, it ultimately led to his breakdown and a lifelong quest for redemption, especially when he discovered that he had nearly destroyed an entire species without realizing it.

Conclusion

When I first picked up this novel, several of my co-workers, who are also avid readers, assured me it was worth my time. While we can learn valuable lessons from almost any book, Ender’s Game left me contemplating far more than I expected.

Though set in a science fiction world, the novel touches on authentic and profound themes. I couldn’t help but think about young children in our world who are thrust into roles that serve adult ambitions, often at the cost of their childhood and innocence. Fame and money often camouflage their psychological impacts. Ender’s journey highlights the heavy toll that leadership and responsibility can take, especially when those burdens are imposed at a young age. The tactical isolation, moral conflicts, and immense pressures that Ender faced resonate deeply, making us question the ethical implications of shaping someone into a weapon for the sake of the greater good.

In the next blog, I will explore the broader societal context within the book, the critical decisions made by humanity, Ender’s deep compassion for the buggers, and his quest for redemption as he seeks to find a new home for the species he nearly destroyed. These themes further enrich the narrative and offer much to reflect on regarding leadership, morality, and the cost of survival.

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I Overcome The Challenge of Portion Control

I’ve discovered that portion control is the key to successful weight loss. Many recipes are designed for four servings, and for years, I found it convenient to make all four and split them over two days. However, having extra food around can be risky, especially during stressful times when I tend to consume more carbohydrates than I should. Even my husband, who practices mindful eating, sometimes overindulges, particularly in protein. Despite maintaining over 400 active minutes of exercise per week, my weight loss had plateaued for quite some time.

My husband used to be a skilled baker and a capable cook. Still, after his stroke, he lost some of his planning abilities—an essential skill in cooking, where you need to consider various factors like nutrition and the cooking process. About five years ago, he started cooking again for rehabilitation. I usually have him stick to simple dishes, as he sometimes forgets to turn off the stove or oven, which has been a concern for his safety.

We had specific goals for using Hello Fresh:

In recent years, my husband’s brain has shown remarkable improvement, partly due to his dedication to running. This progress made me consider how we could tackle multiple challenges simultaneously, leading to our decision to try a meal prep service like Hello Fresh. This service provides all the necessary ingredients, with meals prepared for at least two servings—perfect for a couple like us.

  • Learn portion control
  • Experience cooking relatively simple meals

Due to my husband’s dietary restrictions, we only planned to use the service for about six months to see if it would fit. The controlled portions helped us manage his food limitations, though we still had to be very cautious about sodium intake. My husband continued to follow his specific breakfast and snack routines. Monitoring protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake is crucial for those with compromised kidneys. I adjusted some of the Hello Fresh recipes, particularly by modifying the spice mixes and sauces, as they often contained too much sodium.

At first, I was concerned about how difficult it would be to adjust to smaller portions. Initially, I felt a slight hunger, but it subsided after a few days. I was amazed to learn what 800 calories of pasta looked like and how many calories I had consumed. By the end of the first month, our bodies had adapted to the correct portion sizes. Being very active, my husband needed to maintain weight, so we created renal-friendly snacks for him.

My biggest lesson was that it’s okay to feel overly hungry to control food intake. I still enjoy pasta and bread but focus on eating what I need. I aim for gradual weight loss, as rapid changes can harm cardiovascular health. I remind myself to take small, consistent steps toward my goals.

Recreating Hello Fresh Meals

Once we felt confident managing our food intake, we stopped using Hello Fresh. Now, I select a weekly menu of 4-5 recipes and create a grocery list tailored to those meals. During our time with Hello Fresh, I learned how to make my spice mixes, as many commercial options, like those for hamburger potatoes and Old Bay seasoning, contain too much salt for my husband. I was pleasantly surprised by how well my homemade versions turned out.

I now pack all the ingredients for each meal in a reusable bag, excluding the spice mixes or homemade sauces, and include the recipe. My husband still cooks from these prepared bags and has noticed only a slight difference from when we used Hello Fresh. His cooking skills have improved significantly, and he has had almost no accidents in the kitchen.

Minimizing Food Waste

One thing I’ve had to be mindful of is food waste. With just two people, buying large quantities of perishable items is not practical, as they often go unused. For fresh vegetables, I typically purchase only ingredients we need for the week unless it lasts longer, like cabbage or onions. To avoid waste, I’ve been creative, making soups, stir-fries, canning, and freezing as much as possible. I store extra food in air-freezer bags to extend its shelf life.

What I Learned From This Experience

Reflecting on my weight loss journey, I realized that portion control was the missing piece. I didn’t have to cut back on my food intake drastically; it was about eating the right amounts. I’m now within 10 pounds of my goal, a milestone that took a while to reach due to the earlier plateau.

In addition, I’ve learned valuable lessons about minimizing food waste. I research preservation techniques whenever we have leftovers; now, very little food goes to waste in our home.

We’ve also adapted many recipes to be more renal-friendly. I look forward to sharing how we do that in another post. Despite our dietary restrictions, this system has been effective for us, and I wanted to share our experience in hopes it might help others.

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Good Leadership and Community Are Important To Survive

August 4, 2024

As part of the 100 Banned Books Project, I recently explored the first ten volumes of “The Walking Dead” graphic novel series—a new territory for me, given my limited exposure to graphic novels despite growing up where manga is ubiquitous. Opting to read a horror series was a leap out of my comfort zone, especially since I hadn’t watched the TV adaptation. My reactions and insights are entirely based on the impactful storytelling from 10 volumes of the graphic novels I’ve read. I encountered within these pages—yes, they were pretty intense and, at times, frightening.

Zombie Attack - created via NightCafe

Overall, “The Walking Dead” adheres to the classic science fiction narrative arc: a catastrophic disaster strikes, a leader or hero rises, and a tyrant emerges, further complicating the survivors’ quest for a resolution.

Since I’ve read only the first ten volumes, I could not see whether Rick or anyone else reached a clear resolution to the zombie apocalypse that was ever delineated. They did not even know why they were turning into zombies.

The first ten volumes’ underlying themes of leadership, community, and symbolism struck a deeper chord with me. These themes propel the plot and mirror the vast spectrum of human experiences and historical challenges.

In this blog post, I will delve into these themes, examining how they unfold in the harsh yet enlightening world of “The Walking Dead” and sharing my reflections on their broader implications on our understanding of society and survival.

Leadership in The Walking Dead

The concept of leadership in The Walking Dead graphic novels is dynamic and evolving. It initially mirrors the intense, life-and-death decisions often seen in military settings rather than those typical of a business environment.

This notion of leadership echoes historical instances where strong leadership was crucial during times of disaster. For example, records from ancient civilizations like the Greeks and Romans show leaders stepping up in times of crisis. In his 2012 paper, Hughes cites how Emperor Nero provided for his people following the great fire of Rome. Similarly, leadership was pivotal when Mount Vesuvius erupted 15 years later, with leaders managing crisis responses that likely saved many lives.

Early in the series, leadership is embodied by law enforcement figures like Shane and Rick. However, as the story progresses, this leadership structure evolves into a co-leadership model, adding depth and intrigue to the narrative.

They eventually encounter different leadership styles, exemplified by the governor of Woodbury, who lacks moral integrity despite his effectiveness against zombies. His actions precipitate his downfall, leading to his death at the hands of one of his people after he kills Lori and her daughter, Judith.

This part of the story emphasizes that effective leadership involves more than quick decision-making for survival; it necessitates a moral compass and the capacity to inspire and uphold trust among people. In light of this, Emperor Nero is not celebrated as a hero who rescued people in the disaster; instead, he is remembered as one of the harsh leaders. This graphic novel illustrates the intricate nature of leading in a post-apocalyptic world.

The Necessity of Community

Growing up in a country frequently affected by natural disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes, I learned early on the importance of a strong community during crises. Reading “The Walking Dead” further deepened my understanding, as the characters’ survival often depends on their ability to unite and support each other.

The graphic novels show small communities, like the one formed by Rick and Lori, where everyone relies on mutual aid to get by. They highlight how, in dire need, the best assistance often arises from small, cohesive groups. Then, even a well-prepared individual will need help in the long run. For instance, Hershel Greene, who initially survives with just his family on their farm, is ultimately compelled to join the larger community after a tragic encounter with the zombies he harbored, killing his sons.

This theme reminded me of the community dynamics in N.K. Jemisin’s “Broken Earth” series. Although the plots differ, both stories reflect how communities react under stress differently—some by raiding or exploiting others and some by endeavoring to help those in distress.

Communities that uphold solid moral values tend to endure and thrive across generations. Disaster experiences profoundly affect our collective psyche, shaping how we respond to future calamities and enhancing our preparedness for them. On the flip side, self-centered actions can lead to isolation, especially when solidarity is vital in subsequent generations.

Humanity’s inherent inclination to support each other is evident in real-world responses to disasters, such as the international aid sent to Japan following severe earthquakes or the widespread assistance provided to Nashville after a major tornado in 2020 disrupted power for half a million households for an extended period. These acts of solidarity help communities recover and reinforce the essential human bond that emerges strong in the face of adversity.

Symbolism of Zombies and Survivors

In “The Walking Dead,” zombies symbolize the ubiquitous fears and disasters humanity faces. At the same time, the survivors represent those who overcome these challenges.

This motif resonates with ancient beliefs in many cultures, where disasters were often attributed to supernatural forces. In Japan, for instance, natural calamities were sometimes thought to result from angered mystical entities. Ancient Greeks and Romans believed that gods often brought disasters as punishment.

The survivors in the graphic novels, much like communities facing real-world disasters, embody resilience and hope—a testament to human endurance and solidarity across different eras and cultures.

Conclusion

Every story, no matter its genre or setting, holds valuable lessons if we approach it with the right mindset. “The Walking Dead” is more than just a series about surviving a zombie apocalypse; it offers a profound exploration of leadership and community that is highly relevant to our real-world experiences. By depicting a post-apocalyptic world where the stakes are life and death, the series not only tests the resilience of the human spirit but also simulates disaster scenarios that push us to consider our responses to extreme adversity.

The graphic novels have prompted me to reflect on the qualities that define authentic leadership and the importance of community during crises. They underscore the idea that in times of dire need, the strength of our communal bonds can make the difference between survival and collapse.

As someone coming from Japan—a country awaiting a significant overdue earthquake—these stories oddly provide a sense of hope. They remind me that resilience, deeply ingrained in our

consciousness, can help us navigate and potentially overcome even the most catastrophic events. “The Walking Dead” reassures us that despite the horrors we might face, our capacity for cooperation and leadership can lead us through the darkest times.

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This Is How I Improved My Reading Skills as ESL

My English could have been better when I first arrived in North America. I had passed the TOEFL exam well enough to enter a Canadian university, but my reading skills needed to improve. In my first year, I often had to read my textbooks five times with a dictionary to keep up with my coursework.

Reading has been a passion of mine since childhood. Back then, it was hard to find Japanese books in Canada, so I had no choice but to read English books.

Reading - created via NightCafe

I would be lying if I said it was easy. It was nothing but frustration. It took me trial and error to improve my English. I was desperate to satisfy my reading needs. With patience, I eventually reached a point where I could read English as if I were reading in Japanese.

I know that foreign books are more accessible online in North America nowadays. You can even get a translator for your web reading.

Reading books has many benefits, and so many books are written in English. Suppose you want to learn to read books in English as a second language. In that case, I have something to share about my learning experience. Today, I want to talk about how I improved my English reading skills.

Reading but Not Understanding

In my first year, no matter how hard I tried, I couldn’t fully grasp the stories I read. It gets more complicated to read novels. Unlike textbooks, Novels follow a relaxed format, making them more challenging for me to understand than academic papers.

A novel contains plots to create a story. A book has many components, such as a theme, characters, symbolism, etc., to create a story. Each of these components is connected to understanding a story you are reading. Unfortunately, I spent so much energy deciphering each word that I couldn’t spare any mental capacity to connect these components or to visualize a story. The book was full of English words I understood individually with the help of a dictionary. Still, I could not piece them together into a coherent narrative.

Then there were phrases like “cat got your tongue,” which made me think my book had turned into a horror story. It took me a while to understand these kinds of expressions. Such informal idioms aren’t used in Japanese to describe someone being unusually quiet.

When you’re “reading” like I was, you cannot summarize the chapter you are reading. All my focus was on translating words, so my brain ultimately gave up on understanding the story.

I often wondered if reading English books could have been a better use of time. I struggled to comprehend them, which was a frustrating experience.

Interruption of Reading

Suppose you are reading a book way above your reading level. In that case, you will interrupt your reading whenever you encounter unknown words. I found I needed a flow of reading to focus on the book’s story. Looking up too many unknown words interrupts the flow. Our brains aren’t designed to multitask. Every time I looked up a word, it distracted me from reading. Although it was essential to look up new words, it took my focus away each time I opened my dictionary.

It did not help; I used an English dictionary, not a Japanese-English dictionary. My English teacher suggested switching to an English-only dictionary so it would force me to think like an English speaker. It was hard. Sometimes, I even had to look up the definitions of words in my dictionary. We didn’t use Google Translate or our smartphone to look up either. I may have given up if I wasn’t so desperate for books.

I was getting very frustrated at this point. No matter how many books I “read,” my English reading skills never improved. I am wasting my time.

If A Book Reading Is Too Difficult, Pick an Easier One

There was a turning point in my life with books. It was more like luck.

During a trip to Prince Edward Island, I picked up “Anne of Green Gables,” a book I had enjoyed many times in grade school. To my surprise, I scanned it without any difficulties. Encouraged, I bought the second and third books in the series and read them just as smoothly. This experience made me realize I had been attempting books that were too advanced for my current reading level, so I decided to return to the basics.

I began with books for elementary schoolers, such as Anne of Green Gables, Little House on the Prairie, and the early Harry Potter books aimed at younger readers. Having previously read these stories in Japanese was a huge help.

A friend lent me several books by V.C. Andrews, which were also relatively easy to understand. Reading multiple books by the same author was beneficial because authors usually use a consistent vocabulary, reducing my need for a dictionary.

Reader’s Digest Was My Other Alternative

Reader’s Digest was another helpful resource for improving my English reading skills. The magazine featured short excerpts from various books, perfect for people too busy to read full-length novels. These brief passages were ideal for quick reading sessions between classes on busy school days.

Since Reader’s Digest was for adults, I am still determining how much I enjoyed reading it. All I knew was that each was a shorter version of a book. There are a few stories I would like to read all the books for, but the library near my apartment doesn’t have them since our area is predominantly French-speaking.

Suddenly, I Was Enjoying A Book

I noticed that I was gaining vocabulary. Over time, I found myself reaching for the dictionary less frequently. The first book I fully grasped on my first attempt was Dean Koontz’s “Watchers.” The thrill of understanding it completely was so exhilarating that I read through the night despite feeling guilty about losing sleep. The sense of satisfaction was unforgettable.

At the time, I was remembering my childhood in Japan. My parents scolded me for reading books at night when I was supposed to be sleeping. I was excited. This was a serious turning point for me when reading English books. I started reading much more books. Importantly, I enjoyed reading them immensely. I improved my reading skills a lot faster after this point.

Being a student with a limited budget, I could only afford to buy a few books, so I often visited the local library. It wasn’t an extensive library but a welcoming place that brought me joy. I stumbled upon a series called “The Cat Who…” by Lilian Jackson Braun. I got hooked on Asimov’s science fiction.

It took me about two years to reach this level of reading proficiency after moving to North America.

Some Classic Books Were Still Difficult

Since I could read books for adults, I wanted to read some classic books. So, I tried to read James Joyce’s Ulysses. How wrong I was! It was all over again. I was “reading” but not understanding the story. I also tried to read Illiad, and I had the same problem.

This time, I start reading classics that are easier to understand or something I’ve already read in the past. Despite the significant roadblock in reading some classic books, I could still read classics used in high school. I read “A Tale of Two Cities” by Dickens, Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, and Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. I think there’s a reason schools encourage students to read these books—they may be conceptually difficult, but they’re more approachable.

Conclusion

Here’s what I’ve learned from my journey to improve my reading skills: if you need help understanding a book, try something less complex. Just as skiing down an advanced slope is risky for beginners, and playing Chopin’s Etudes is challenging for new piano students, reading requires progressively building your skills.

Starting with books whose stories you already know can be beneficial. Since you’re familiar with the plot, you can focus more on language and structure.

Be patient with your learning curve. Everyone progresses at their own pace. Instead of measuring your progress week by week, consider looking at it over more extended periods, like six months.

Despite my passion for books, I have also struggled to develop my reading skills. If you are having the same problems as I am, I want you to reflect on some of the things I’ve learned. I know it requires effort. Eventually, my efforts made me get what I wanted: to read English books. I hope my story inspires others facing similar challenges.

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Why We Must Listen to Youths in Need

This banned book, “Trick,” written by Ellen Hopkins, led me to discover another unpleasant issue: many teens are put into a spot where they run away and are kicked out of their homes.

“Trick” is a novel written in verse about the stories of five teenagers from different backgrounds. Each teenager faces struggles with their unique problems and circumstances that lead them into the world of prostitution to survive in the harsh environment.

Teens – generated via NightCafe

What disturbed me the most was that some adults were well aware of their situations, willingly exploiting these teenagers who desperately needed their help. The stories are all sad. The stories were discussed and horrifying. If you go to the National Runaway Safeline forums, you can read many teen postings.

We are consumed with our lives and oblivious to something about our society. No, we may intentionally ignore them because these issues seem unsettling. In verse, Hopkins tried to portray these tragic, scary, and alarming stories. Her message is crisp and clear—hey, adults, pay attention!

There Are So Many Runaway Adolescents In The U.S.

I was surprised to find out how many runaway adolescents there are in the United States. Around 1.7 million young people run away or are expelled every year. In 2021, there will be about 43 million people aged between 10 and 19, approximately 4% of our teens. If you include non-registered residents in the United States, the number shoots up even higher.

The demographic of runaway adolescents can vary widely – which means there are runaway adolescents in any demographic. However, there are more runaway adolescents in specific demographics, such as lower income, race, and social identities.

Income

The lowest-income group has the highest percentage of runaway adolescents. According to reports from ASPE, 21% of runaways come from lower-income families, 16% from middle-income families, and 12% from upper-income family groups (ASPE, 2007).

Ethnicity

Runaway adolescents come from all ethnicities. According to NRS (2018), the percentage of blacks or African Americans (23%) or Hispanics or Latinos (18%) is much higher (NRS-2018). There is a distribution of runaway adolescents. However, the interpretation of the statistics needs to be evaluated more carefully as the population composition for each ethnic group is different.

Social Identity

LGBTQ+ youth represented a high % of homeless youth despite they represent only 5 to 10% of the youth population. According to the National Network for Youth, 20 to 40% of homeless youth identify as LGBTQ+ (Kovalick, 2024, July 15). They face multiple challenges, such as family rejection, discrimination, safety and health risks, and social stigma.

How to Protect These Vonulable Youth

It is reported that one-third of these runaway teens end up in some form of sexual trade within 48 hours of leaving their homes (Runaway Homeless Youth Statistics, nd). Some organizations include the National Runaway Safeline (NRS) and the National Network for Youth (NN4Y).

Lack of Trust and Fear of Authorities

I realized there is something in common with those teens. Those teens have experienced some types of abuse, neglect, or other issues. For example, Whitney is a typical example of neglect. So, instead of seeking adult help, they decide to stay or be trapped in horrible situations.

Legal Limitation Around Assisting Teen Runaway

Legal limitations exist around assisting teen runaways, making it a complex problem. We have legal frameworks to protect minors, who should be under the supervision of responsible adults. When their guardians abuse them, legal limitations can prevent us from providing immediate and appropriate assistance.

These Teens Fre Facing A High Risk of Exploration

There is an adult who exploits these teens since they are vulnerable. They don’t trust adults, and they fear authorities. So, it will be difficult for these teens to seek adult assistance. That made them easy targets as they are vulnerable. In Whitney’s case, Bryn exploited Eden. In Eden’s Case, even a man in the correction house tried to manipulate her.

Substance Abuse Issues & Other Mental disorders

Some teens have problems with substance abuse. Research indicated that 60.5% of the runaways experienced either alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, or drug abuse (Johnson, Whitbeck, and Hoyt, 2005)

What Can We Do?

Frankly, this book was harrowing to read. It provoked me to realize how oblivious I was to the issue. It was not because I did not know those issues existed. Those issues you watched on TV shows over two decades ago in the past were fiction in my head. I was too busy with my life and did not even take time to check to see. I am not even sure if I did not do this project of researching banned books; I’ve even investigated further, even when I read these books, and this greatly disturbed me.

I am still trying to figure out how I can help them. I can donate some money, and it will help the organizations. The more I researched these issues, the more I understood how complex these issues are. There are so many issues we need to discuss if we want to help them, such as having enough infrastructure and legal protection against them, especially if they live in conditions where the abusers are their guardians. I can’t stop thinking that we will never be able to remove the root of these issues.

Yeah, there are between 1.7 million teens who report away yearly. And they are in great danger of being exploited by adults in the United States. So, the author says this at the end of her book. If you see them, call the hotline. It’s important. Please ensure some adults listen to them and explain why they are on the street. It may be their guardians who were the source of the problems.

Please Reached Out to The Following Organization If You See Youth In Trouble

National Runaway Safeline (1-800-RUNAWAY)

Contact

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‘Of Mice and Men’ Made Me think about Mental Illness

Introduction

In this blog, I discuss a sticky social issue we are still trying to figure out by delving into John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck drew inspiration from Robert Burns’ poem “To a Mouse” to write this novel—the novel centers on two migrant workers navigating California during the Great Depression. Lennie, one of the workers, is disabled and possesses the mental capacity of a young child.

George and Lennie – generated by NightCafe

Due to its themes of violence and profanity, “Of Mice and Men” has frequently contested the position of the top 100 banned books list in the United States for decades.

I am introducing this book as one of the banned books, but it was once a staple of the high school English curriculum—my husband included. This novel explains many literary tools and discusses social issues. My husband suggested that I read this novel parallel to a poem written by Robert Burns for a deeper understanding.

This novel is profoundly saddening. It moved me to tears when I read this novel the first time; if asked whether I liked it, I’d lean towards no, but I still recognize its significant literary value. Steinbeck tackles the uncomfortable social issues of how society treated mentally challenged people during that era.

Plot Summary of Of Mice and Men

The protagonists, George Milton and Lennie Small, are itinerant farmworkers in California. George is practical and intelligent, while Lennie is physically strong but mentally challenged. Lennie is a good worker but needs to be faster to understand things. Lennie has a penchant for soft and pretty things and loves touching them. When Lennie gets panicked or afraid, he has the habit of grabbing. Unfortunately, Lennie does not understand his strength, so he halts and breaks whatever he holds onto—which has caused trouble in the past.

They struggled to maintain one job for an extended period, possibly due to the Great Depression. Still, Lennie’s problematic behaviors added to the difficulty. George looked after Lennie, nurturing their shared dream of owning a 10-acre farm where Lennie hopes to raise rabbits.

Their dream almost becomes reality through a deal with Candy, another worker who proposes they buy a farm together. However, the plan unravels after Lennie accidentally kills Curley’s wife in a moment of panic—Curley is the jealous and aggressive farm owner. In a tragic turn, George decides to end Lennie’s life mercifully to spare him from Curley’s wrath, reminiscent of how Candy’s old dog was euthanized.

The History of Criminalizing Mental Illness

In the United States, individuals with behavioral issues were often forcibly placed into Insane Asylums. The asylum was constructed in the late 1800s and became overcrowded by the 1930s (Colorado College, 2016, para. 2-3).

Most patients had not committed any crimes; it was a preemptive measure. Some who had committed crimes may have been sent to asylums. Most of them ended up in a cell on death row. Back then, protections like the 8th Amendment did not apply, and many more individuals could be executed for their perceived crimes, as seen in early 20th-century cases.

I was digging into some of the old cases from the Early 1900s, such as Ed Hager’s 1909 case or Cruz Romero’s 1929 case (Colorado College, 2016, para. 13-14), which are great examples. From what I can see from the record, they should have been admitted to an institution instead of admitted into cells on death row.

No Interpretation of Mental Illness Until the ’50s

Despite evident mental incapacities, diagnoses of sanity persisted until the mid-20th century. For instance, the inability to recognize the insanity in individuals like Ed Hager and Cruz Romero highlights a lack of understanding of mental health issues until significant changes in 1952 (Colorado College, 2016, para. 5). Lennie’s character brings to mind these historical injustices, showing no comprehension of his actions yet dreaming of future rabbits.

Intellectual Disability and Punishment

The U.S. has come a long way. Awareness of mental health issues has improved, and the Constitution now forbids cruel punishments, as stated in our 8th Amendment, “… nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted”, including the execution of those with intellectual disabilities, as affirmed by the Atkins v. Virginia case (Atkins v. Virginia, n.d.).

Killing for Compassion – Did George Commit Mercy Killing or Murder?

The end of the story leads us to a complex question: Did George commit mercy killing or murder? Before delving into this, it’s worth noting the plot of Burns’ “To a Mouse.” The poem discusses life’s unpredictability for both humans and animals, illustrated by the accidental destruction of a mouse’s nest. Humans will remember the tragedy as a bad memory and fear for the future. On the other hand, animals cannot. Just as the mouse is unaware of its bleak future, Lennie is unaware of the imminent threat from Curley and his men, nor are any criminal charges imposed upon him. George’s act can thus be seen as one of compassion, sparing Lennie from a future he couldn’t grasp, much like the speaker’s pity for the mouse.

Since the story ends here, we would not know what happened to George after this incident. He may be charged with the murder of Goerge.

Conclusion

I learned critical moral lessons from this book: Exploring “Of Mice and Men” alongside historical perspectives on mental illness. I realized that anyone can experience unexpected tragedy and the cruelty of fate. Moreover, I learned the importance of having empathy, regardless of our status or significance.

Additionally, exploring the poignant verses of Robert Burns’s “To a Mouse” enriches our understanding of George and Lennie’s tragic story. While the novel leaves us with heavy hearts, it also invites reflection on broader societal issues—mainly how we treat the most vulnerable.

Steinbeck’s narrative is a tale of friendship and shattered dreams and a timeless reminder of the importance of empathy and the complexities surrounding moral decisions. As we close this discussion, let me carry forward the lessons learned from George and Lennie’s journey, recognizing the profound impact of literature in echoing the call for humanity and compassion in our ongoing dialogue about mental health and justice.

Do you want to read Other Posts like this? Click this link. Read These Banned Books

References

Atkins v. Virginia. (n.d.). Oyez. Retrieved July 10, 2024, from https://www.oyez.org/cases/2001/00-8452 Colorado College. (2016, June 28).

Criminalization of Mental Illness. Past, Present, Prison. https://sites.coloradocollege.edu/hip/mentally-ill-and-the-penal-system/

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This Is How I Create Momentum

My day begins between 5:15 and 5:30 a.m. without the jolt of an alarm clock; I wake naturally when my body is ready. To ensure I get the requisite seven hours of sleep, as tracked by my Fitbit, I aim to be in bed by 9 p.m. Sleeping less than this leads to a sluggish day, as I typically lose approximately an hour to wakefulness through the night.

How I start my day is essential—it sets the tone for everything that follows. My morning routine spans from the moment I wake until about 8 a.m., with slight modifications on the days I head into the office by 7 a.m. Nonetheless, I completed most of my routine by the 8 o’clock mark.

via. NightCafe

Harnessing the Morning Light With Early Morning Run

Running in the early morning has become a vital part of my daily routine, not only for the physical benefits but also for the incredible surge of energy it provides. Stepping out into the morning light, I feel as though it infuses me with vitality—an uplifting experience I only discovered after moving to Nashville. Previously, while living in Canada, my runs were typically scheduled during lunch or post-work due to shorter, colder days.

Nashville’s climate posed new challenges with its hot, humid afternoons, making morning runs a more appealing option. Despite the summer heat, morning temperatures here hover between 68°F and 72°F (20C to 22C), which is quite comfortable for running. Even in winter, the occasional freezing temperatures don’t last, making it easier to maintain my routine.

I was annoyed to wake up early to run. However, the benefits soon became apparent once I started running in the morning. The morning light, I learned, plays a crucial role in regulating our internal clock, or circadian rhythm. According to research by Walker et al., consistent exposure to the natural light-dark cycle helps prevent mood and sleep disorders. It can even reduce the risk of chronic diseases (pp.2 – pp.3).

Realizing the profound impact of morning light, I reshuffled my routine to include runs every morning. On office days, I limit myself to a 3km run. This adjustment has allowed me to enjoy the energizing effects of morning exercise without overwhelming my schedule. Now, running isn’t just a part of my routine—it’s a therapeutic start to my day, enhancing my well-being and keeping my internal clock in check.

From Movement to Mindfulness

Running isn’t just a physical activity for me; it’s a powerful catalyst for creativity. As I run, blood circulates vigorously throughout my body, enriching my brain with oxygen and inspiring a flood of ideas. This period of physical exertion becomes a prime time for brainstorming, often leading me to exciting insights and solutions.

Previously, I would listen to audiobooks to pass the time while running, but I found that it stifled my creative process. The audio content overwhelmed my thoughts, blocking the natural flow of ideas. One day, I chose silence over soundtracks; the impact was immediate and profound.

To capture the surge of ideas post-run, I immediately began journaling on my phone before taking a post-run shower. I realized the action of taking a shower made me forget the ideas I generated during my run. So, recording my thoughts became the priority. I use the Notion app on my mobile phone for its accessibility and ease. With just a few taps, I can open the app and log everything that crossed my mind during my run, ensuring that I can revisit and utilize these insights later, all without missing a step in my cool-down routine.

Roma Wasn’t Built In a Day, Nor will be my German.

Dedicating time to learning German is vital to my daily routine, though it might seem modest at first glance. On weekdays, I manage to carve out about 20 minutes, while weekends allow for a more extended study session of 40-50 minutes. Despite the packed nature of my schedule, these 20 minutes are a window where I aim to absorb at least one or two new words each day.

My approach to learning is structured: About 25-30% of my time is spent acquiring new content, and the remainder is devoted to reviewing previous lessons. This method ensures that each new information is reinforced and stored in my long-term memory. On Saturdays, I revisit the material from the last week, and Sundays are reserved for reviewing what I learned a month ago.

This rigorous review process means that most of what I learn becomes deeply embedded in my long-term memory. This gradual, consistent approach works best for me. Learning a little each day and accumulating knowledge over time proves to be more effective and less stressful than trying to cram and risking burnout. It’s a gentle, steady pace—much like a toddler’s steps—that leads to lasting progress.

The Power of Morning Journaling

After I take a shower, I start writing on Morning Journals. The morning journal serves as my mental cleansing ritual, where I offload the clutter from my mind. With this process, focusing on my morning meditation is likely due to the constant barrage of thoughts about upcoming tasks.

This technique was inspired by Julia Cameron’s book The Artist’s Way, where she introduces the concept of “morning pages.” I’ve adapted it into what I call my morning journal. Constantly interrupting what I need to be next prevents me from creating ideas. Not surprisingly, many of these are to-do items, reflecting my preoccupation with what needs to be done next.

My English professor used to tell me to try to make a draft without thinking about grammar first. Now I see her point. This stream of consciousness often reveals how these incessant thoughts prevent me from listening to my inner voice. They keep me tied to a routine, doing what needs to be done rather than what I desire to do. The routine becomes monotonous and controlling.

After journaling, I reflect on what I’ve written and identify the tasks that genuinely resonate with me—those that will bring me joy upon completion. It’s a small practice but has gradually led to deeper self-understanding and a more fulfilling daily life.

Organizing the Day by Crafting an Effective To-Do List

Immediately after journaling each morning, I transition to creating my daily to-do list. I select a few tasks from my morning journal entries and record them in a dotted notebook, which I’ve found more effective than the Post-it notes and Google Calendar methods I used previously.

Drawing from my experience in project management, I approach my personal tasks with similar strategic planning. For any project to be managed effectively, it’s crucial to break down tasks thoroughly, understand their sequence, and recognize dependencies and potential roadblocks—like needing your boss’s approval before proceeding. I’ve honed this detailed structuring over years of managing projects.

Once I’ve laid out my tasks, prioritization is my next step. I determine the most critical tasks and assign them to my peak productivity hours, usually between 10 a.m. and noon. I use Google Calendar for scheduling, which helps me maintain a balanced daily workload and ensures I can handle my challenges.

Not every day is perfect; sometimes, tasks remain unfinished. In such cases, my notebook becomes especially valuable. At the end of each day, I jot down “lessons learned,” reflecting on why I could not complete them. This practice is not just about record-keeping; it’s a tool for continual improvement, allowing me to reflect on my days and improve my productivity over time.

Ritual of My Short Morning Meditation

I have discovered that a brief morning meditation provides a refreshing start to my day. While these sessions are too short to yield significant physiological benefits, they are crucial in setting a positive tone for the day ahead. This practice began as an experiment in April 2024, driven by curiosity, and has since evolved into a cherished part of my morning routine.

Initially, I struggled to establish a consistent meditation habit and found it difficult to focus during these sessions. However, by scheduling meditation after completing my to-do list, I removed the distraction of pending tasks, allowing me to engage more fully with the practice. This sequence helps me clear my mind and approach the day with a calm, focused mindset.

Even when I go to our office, I make sure to fit in a concise meditation. This practice helps center me no matter the length, ensuring I start my day with a clear and focused intention.

Integrating Daily Study Sessions into Lifelong Learning

I dedicate 30-45 minutes to learning after my morning meditation. My approach to continuing education is broad and systematic, incorporating a variety of topics to keep my knowledge base diverse and current. I follow a yearly learning plan, which I adjust monthly based on my immediate needs or if an urgent work requirement demands specific expertise.

Holding several professional designations requires me to complete 30-40 hours of continuing education annually. My morning study sessions contribute significantly towards this goal, allowing me to accumulate approximately 100 hours of continuing education each year. This practice of learning new things not only enriches my professional skills but also energizes me, fueling my enthusiasm for the day ahead.

After absorbing new information, I take a minute to jot down key points on a letter-sized paper. This quick summary helps cement my understanding and provides a reference for future use, often proving invaluable for solving work-related challenges or everyday issues.

Lessons in Persistence Inspired by Ancient Wisdom and My Husband

The ancient Chinese believed that even the gentle drip of water could eventually wear through rock, given enough time. This principle of persistence resonates deeply with me and has influenced the development of my morning routine. While some may view my structured mornings as a sign of hard work, they are more of a commitment to gradual, consistent effort.

My husband’s journey has been a profound inspiration in this regard. After a severe stroke robbed him of his mobility, he had to relearn basic skills one small step at a time. Through unwavering persistence, he runs 10km—better than ever before his stroke—and has regained nearly all his pre-stroke abilities, including cooking and baking. His recovery has been a powerful reminder that small, consistent efforts can lead to significant achievements.

Incorporating activities like waking early, running, and meditating into my routine wasn’t initially enjoyable, yet I recognized their benefits for my productivity. I often started new habits in the past, only to abandon them when they felt uncomfortable. However, influenced by my husband’s example, I adopted a strategy of small, incremental changes, trusting that these efforts would accumulate and become ingrained in my routine. Adapting to include meditation regularly was challenging, but now it’s a seamless part of my morning.

By the time I complete these activities, I am fully prepared to tackle the day’s work or household chores. Despite originally being a night owl, I’ve discovered that an early start leads to a more productive, energized day. Due to time constraints, I often move through my morning tasks with a sense of urgency, which adds intensity to the process. This brisk start charges me up and creates momentum that carries me through the rest of the day with vitality and purpose.

Reference

Walker, W. H., Walton, James C., DeVrie, A. C., & Nelson, R. J. (2020). Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health. Translational Psychiatry, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0

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Empathy and Community Support Can Potentially Prevent Adolescent Violence

Living in the United States, one inevitably encounters news of school shootings. One of the most recent tragic events I can recall was the shooting at Covenant School in Green Hills, Nashville, Tennessee, which resulted in six deaths. These incidents are deeply unsettling. Schools are supposed to be safe havens where students and teachers return home safely each day. Yet, on March 27, 2023, this expectation was shattered for many.

Statistics reveal the alarming frequency of school shootings in the United States, especially after the pandemic. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (September 2023), between 2000 and 2021, there were 108 homicides and 168 injuries caused by 47 active shooters in schools. In the 2019-2020 school year alone, there were 25 school-related deaths, including 23 homicides and one suicide.

Isolated – generated by NightCafe

Why did I open this blog by discussing these uncomfortable statistics? Reading “Nineteen Minutes” by Jodi Picoult prompted me to delve deeper into this issue. The novel built upon a layer of a school shooting from various perspectives, challenging my preconceived notions about shooters simply being evil and deserving punishment. It compelled me to confront the complex underlying issues contributing to such tragedies. Then, the thought makes me wonder if there are any ways to prevent school shootings.

Jodi Picoult’s powerful novel “19 Minutes” is a story about a devastating school shooting perpetrated by a high school student, Peter Hungton. In a harrowing nineteen-minute span, Peter takes the lives of ten people and injures nine others, leaving an indelible scar on the entire community in the rural town of Stealing City in New Hampshire.

When a detective first enters the school locker rooms. He found two bodies, Matt Royston’s, a famous athlete, and his girlfriend, Josie Cormier’s. Their bodies were found together in the locker room covered by blood. Matt was shot twice, while Josie finds herself amidst the chaos, covered in blood, though physically almost unharmed.

Jodie, once Peter’s childhood friend, drifted away to join the school’s elite, leaving Peter alone. Not only did she leave Peter, but she started dating one of Peter’s bullies, Matt Roystone. No matter how much Jodie tried to forget her old self, she found herself sandwiched between the self-image of the school elite and the rest. While balancing life at the school site and the past life with Peter, Josie grapples with conflicting emotions toward Peter and Matt.

Alex Cormier, Josie’s mother and a judge, faces dual challenges as a single parent and a professional handling the legal aftermath of the tragedy. Her daughter has no memory of the shooting and closed up her mind toward her mothers. Alex feels that she failed to be a good mother.

The narrative unfolds through multiple viewpoints, including Peter’s troubled perspective, Josie’s internal struggle, Alex’s ethical dilemmas, and the perspectives of key figures like detective Patrick Ducharme and defense attorney Jordan McAfee. While delving into the perspectives of many in this book, I realized that the issue is more complex than it seemed.

Instinctively, Detective Patric sensed the key to solving this case was to solve one of the puzzles about why Josie was not hurt at all. Yet, there is no way to find out from Josie since she seems to block out the memory of the shooting.

As the trial unfolds, Picoult skillfully exposes the layers of bullying and social ostracism that plagued Peter’s school life, largely unchecked by adults and peers alike. The novel delves deeply into societal issues, questioning the support systems and the lack of prevention of such catastrophic events.

Bullying and Its Impact on Adolescent Shooters

Is what this novel said true? I had to investigate the profile of the shooter. I found out that the majority of the active shooters at education centers are teenagers. Then, I found something disturbing. Many seem to have something in common. Research into the profiles of shooters reveals a common trait among many: 80% of them have experienced bullying, with 57% enduring bullying episodes lasting more than a week (Merod & Arundel, 2024).

These shooters often cite their experiences of being bullied as a pivotal factor in their actions. For instance, the shooter at Watson High School blamed bullies, teachers, social services, and the school for not intervening during his ordeal (Kowalski, March 29, 2023). Similarly, the shooter at Madison High School expressed feelings of being ostracized and unsupported, even by his own mother (para. 3).

Adolescents, Bullying, and Gun Carrying

Adolescents’ brains are a little different from that of adults. Neurologically, adolescents are still developing their frontal lobes, which can lead to a higher tolerance for risky decisions and impulsive actions based on uncertainty (Hartley & Somerville, 2015).

When horrible bullying occurs to adolescents without any intervention, one day, some will pick a gun to end their atrocious life at school. Adolescents who have been bullied have a 49% higher chance of carrying a gun compared to those who have not been bullied (Merod & Arundel, January 10, 2024). These neurological factors can contribute to adolescents’ responses to bullying and their access to firearms.

In “19 Minutes,” a poignant insight from a psychology expert highlights how a single incident of bullying in childhood can be as traumatic over time as a single instance of sexual abuse. Those horrible experiences are often blocked out from their memory; however, the rest will remember and scur them for life. Others may dismiss these experiences as minor parts of school life, while these experiences profoundly impact individuals like Peter.

A Call for Understanding and Support

Data indicates that the number of school shooting incidents has been increasing since the start of the pandemic. Psychologists hypothesize that people are missing out on face-to-face social interactions due to the restrictions placed on them. As a result, troubled adolescents may be experiencing even greater social isolation than before the pandemic. When I discovered this, I started to see why psychologists see people, and support could be the key to stopping tragedies.

There are similarities in characters between Hanna, from 13 Reasons Why, and Peter, from 19 Minutes. Both are crying for acknowledgment that they are loved by someone. However, their cries for help were unheard or insufficiently supported, leading to tragic outcomes that blur the lines between self-harm and violence against others. There are fine lines between them.

I checked to see if the case prevented school shootings and then came across Aaron Stark’s TED Talk. Aaron Stark (Stark, 2018) described his troubled adolescence as feeling like an outcast and unloved. Stark talked about his past experience of almost causing a school shooting. Stark felt like he had been outcasted and neglected by his parents. This horrible life must be stopped. He got a gun for a specific mission to harm others and himself. Then, he was stopped by a friend. His story underscores the critical importance of reaching out to troubled adolescents and providing them with support and intervention before it’s too late.

Conclusion: Understanding the Impact of Bullying

“19 Minutes” provides a poignant exploration of school bullying. It challenges readers to confront uncomfortable questions about culpability and the societal pressures young people face. The novel explores the boundaries of empathy and justice, urging a deeper consideration of what it means to be an outsider and the devastating outcomes when a community fails to nurture and protect all its members. Through its richly drawn characters and emotionally charged plot, “19 Minutes” asks a fundamental question: Can we truly judge Peter without first examining the world that shaped him?

As I navigate these sensitive issues, it becomes evident that proactive measures and empathetic responses are crucial in shaping a safer and more supportive environment for all adolescents. There is an urgent need for support and understanding for troubled youth. By fostering empathy and addressing the root causes of bullying and isolation, we can work towards preventing future tragedies and nurturing healthier communities. This book made me think about the importance of early intervention and community support in preventing tragedies.

Read more posts like this. Read These Banned Books

References

Hartley, C. A., & Somerville, L. H. (2015). The neuroscience of adolescent decision-making. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 5, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.09.004

Kowalski, R. (n.d.). School Shootings in America | Psychology Today. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-social-psyche/202303/school-shootings-in-america

Merod, A., & Arundel, K. (2024, January 10). Bullying is linked to school shootings. What do schools need to know? K-12 Dive. https://www.k12dive.com/news/bullying-school-shootings-prevention/704206/

National Center for Education Statistics. (September, 2023).  Violent Deaths at School and Away From School, School Shootings, and Active Shooter Incidents (Annual Reports and Information Staff). [Annual Reports]. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/a01

Stark, A. (2018, June). Aaron Stark: I was almost a school shooter | Aaron Stark | TEDxBoulder | TED Talk [TED]. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/aaron_stark_i_was_almost_a_school_shooter/transcript

Tags: bullying, adolescent violence, empathy, community support, school shootings

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Living on the Edge: A Firsthand Look at Minimum Wage Struggles in America

Nearly 38 million Americans suffer from Poverty in the United States. You will only understand what it is to be in it if you have lived in poverty. So, an American journalist, Barbara Ehrenreich, embarks on a unique investigative journey to experience the realities of living on a minimum wage in America. This insightful exploration, derived from her firsthand experiences working in various low-wage jobs across multiple states, sheds light on the daily struggles of millions of Americans.

Ehrenreich’s journey began when she left her full-time job as a journalist to delve into the lives of the working poor. She traveled to Florida, Maine, and Minnesota, taking on roles as a waitress, hotel cleaner, house cleaner, nursing care aide, and Wal-Mart sales clerk. Often, she found herself juggling more than one job simultaneously to make ends meet. No matter how much she spent budgeting her expenses, she lived paycheck to paycheck. She experienced a stark portrayal of the challenges faced by those earning minimum wage. Yet, she saw how important it was to note the resilience and determination of these workers, who continue to strive despite their odds, inspiring us with their unwavering spirit.

Through her varied job experiences, Ehrenreich discovered that no job is truly “unskilled.” Each position required mastering new tools, learning specific terminology, and understanding distinct operational procedures. Her coworkers and supervisors heavily influenced the quality of her work life, as they taught her the essential skills to do her jobs right or even get better schedules. Moreover, she realized that performing too well could paradoxically lead to increased expectations, potentially raising the bar for others in similar positions.

One of the most striking aspects of Ehrenreich’s narrative is her struggle with mobility and living conditions. Despite owning a car, the costs associated with commuting limited her options. If you try to live near the work to avoid owning a car, you now limit where you live. Even public transportation can be costly. In Nashville, for example, a ticket for 2 hours bus ride costs $2. You will likely spend over 1 hour of wages for transport if you have multiple jobs.

She often found herself in substandard living situations without basic amenities like air conditioning, relying on non-perishable—and frequently unhealthy—food options due to financial constraints. Her experiences highlight a critical issue: even with full-time employment, many Americans struggle to afford basic necessities, including medical insurance. These are not just statistics but real people with real struggles, and it’s crucial to remember that.

Drawing from personal experiences, I never faced the harsh realities of minimum wage labor during my formative years. My seasonal job as a lifeguard during university, which paid double the minimum wage, combined with the security of living with my parents or relatives, shielded me from the financial instabilities faced by many others. As I became an adult, I started meeting other people. This contrast became even more apparent as I encountered stories from individuals struggling with healthcare costs and living below the poverty line.

There are a few things I can do. I can do besides donating toys or food at the foodbank to use my skills in tax preparation. Through volunteer work as a tax preparer for low-income families in Tennessee, I gained further insight into the economic hardships many face. Many spoke to me about their hardships while preparing their taxes. I had to stop doing the tax preparation volunteer since the pandemic. The cessation of this activity due to the pandemic, considering my high-risk spouse, was regrettable but necessary.

Now, we look into the actual statistics. How many Americans are actually in poverty? The 2022 U.S. Census revealed an 11% national poverty rate, translating to 37.9 million people living in poverty (Bureau, n.d.), with local figures in Davidson County, TN, slightly higher.

I know there are some assistant programs. Tax preparation services are one of them. Despite the existence of assistance programs, many still need to be insured and burdened by rising living costs. The static federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, the same as Tennessee’s minimum wage,  contrasts sharply with the escalating cost of living, exemplified by the near doubling of housing prices in Nashville since 2018. To consider access to the works, you must balance the higher and lower rent with the commute. You are looking at approximately $750 for a studio or 1-bedroom apartment – only a few are available. You can try owning a car and living in a rural area. Even the cars used are costly, and the gas prices are much higher than when I first moved here in 2018.

Can you move out of poverty? Ehrenreich’s narrative and corroborative personal observations make clear the pervasive cycle of poverty. When you don’t have enough money, you eat the available foods. You live in a lot of stress—you will have a higher chance of getting health problems. If you have medical insurance, the situation will be good.

When my husband was ill due to his stroke, I spent time investigating our options. I thought we had saved for a few years with all the medical costs. I was worried that my husband would not get well. Those publications are usually offered in English, but not all Americans can read English. Not everyone had emergency funds saved up. I met a family who was crying during the long-term care. The father, who was around 40 years old, got a brain stroke. She had two young children. She did not speak good English, but their situation stressed her. I gave her the business card for social assistance programs where she could speak her language to get support.

In the United States, poverty is everywhere, but the southern states have a higher poverty rate. I could not conclude the reasons, but I suspected that it had something to do with the types of industries the states have, the types of available jobs, or the infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals. According to Scioto Analysis (September 19, 2023), the cost of living is a significant factor.

Wikipedia. (2021) List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_poverty_rate

Can a government do something about it? Perhaps. It is not that easy as it is, though. I was trying to make sense of the data, so I corrected various data, such as the inflation rate, the Gini coefficient, etc. I even gathered the data from other countries, such as Canada, Japan, and the EU, where I lived in the past. Factors such as the Gini coefficient or inflation do not correlate straightforwardly with poverty levels, suggesting a complex interplay of socioeconomic factors. Surprisingly, the U.S. is doing better than Japan or EU countries. Since the U.S. has many people, we have many people in poverty.

Ehrenreich’s book provides a compelling look into the lives of the working poor, a condition exacerbated by inadequate wages and rising living costs. Her experiences underscore the urgent need for policy reform and support systems that address the roots of poverty and provide meaningful support to those in need. Now, I see how complicated that would be. We still need to advocate for changes that will allow more individuals to escape the cycle of poverty and achieve economic stability.

I’m glad I read this book, even though it was depressing. I should remember that this is the reality for nearly 38 million Americans. And this is the 3rd banned book I read.

References

Bureau, U. C. (n.d.). National Poverty in America Awareness Month: January 2024. Census.Gov. Retrieved June 18, 2024, from https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/poverty-awareness-month.html

Scioto Analysis. (2023, September 19). Poverty in the States: 2022. https://www.sciotoanalysis.com/news/2023/9/19/poverty-in-the-states-2022

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Davidson County, Tennessee. (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2024, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/davidsoncountytennessee/RHI425222

Wikipedia. (n.d.) List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_poverty_rate