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Revisiting a Childhood Classic: How Daddy-Long-Legs Shaped My Love for Literature

While my husband and I were cleaning the siding of our house, I found a Daddy-long-legs spider. That small moment reminded me of one of my favorite childhood books, Daddy-Long-Legs, by Jean Webster. I loved this book so much that I spent countless hours reading it repeatedly. Revisiting books I cherished in my youth allowed me to see them in a new light as an adult, and I was curious how I would perceive Daddy-Long-Legs this time.

I had so much difficulties creating a picture for this one. Created via NightCafe

Initially published in 1912, Jean Webster’s novel was quite popular when I was growing up, especially among children. This book had an immense impact and introduced me to many other books. When I found the spider, I took it as a sign to revisit this book.

Plot Summary:

Jerusha “Judy” Abbott is a 17-year-old orphan who has spent her entire life in the John Grier Home, an orphanage. She is optimistic despite her unfortunate circumstances and grim future as an orphan. Judy is skilled at writing – which prompted an anonymous benefactor, one of the orphanage’s trustees, to offer to send her to college on the condition that she write him letters regularly to update him on her progress. Mrs. Lippert, the orphanage administrator, told her that Judy was not to expect any replies or attempt to discover his identity. She never met her benefactor. Her only glimpse of him is a shadow on the wall in the orphanage hallway, which reminds her of a long-legged spider, so she whimsically nicknames him “Daddy-Long-Legs.”

Judy is surrounded by girls from affluent backgrounds at college and quickly realizes how different her upbringing was. For example, she seemed ignorant of certain books every girl read, such as “Little Women.” Undeterred, she sets out to bridge this gap, immersing herself in books, studying diligently, and working to improve her education. Her unwavering determination, despite the odds, is truly inspiring as she begins to blossom intellectually and socially, learning about life beyond the orphanage. 

Judy becomes close friends with her roommates, including Julia Pendleton, who comes from a wealthy family. Julia asks Judy to meet her uncle, Mr. Jervis Pendleton, who is 14 years older than them. Over time, Judy grows fond of Mr. Jervis. However, she initially keeps her feelings to herself, fearful of how to navigate her growing emotions.

As Judy’s education progresses, she gains confidence and sees her potential as a writer. She earns a scholarship (her sponsor told her to decline). She even sells her first piece of writing for $50, a testament to her emerging talent as a writer. Her growth, from a young orphan to a confident and talented individual is something to be proud of. At one point, her mysterious benefactor, Daddy-Long-Legs, suggests she spend a summer in Europe to broaden her horizons, but Judy declines, wanting to remain grounded in her studies. Mr. Jervis tries to persuade her to go, but she stays firm in her decision.

Judy’s feelings for Mr. Jervis deepen, but she is afraid to confess everything about her past to him, worrying about how it might affect their relationship. She is also worried that her upbringing may negatively impact him. A misunderstanding arises when Mr. Jervis believes Judy has feelings for Jimmy McBride, the brother of her close friend Sally. He misunderstands that Judy would like to marry Jimmy. Hurt and confused, he distances himself from her.

Missing Mr. Jervis, Judy writes to Daddy-Long-Legs about her feelings toward him and how she messed up her relationship entirely due to fear. Later, she is summoned by her benefactor’s secretary, who informs her that her mysterious sponsor is ill. When Judy visits him, she is stunned to discover that Mr. Jervis Pendleton has been her benefactor, Daddy-Long-Legs all along. Their mutual feelings are finally revealed, and the novel ends with Judy and Jervis coming together in love.

Historical and Social Context

Daddy-Long-Legs is a romantic novel with an exciting twist. It was written when few people, especially women and orphans, could attend university. In the early 20th century, like the book’s protagonist, Judy, total orphans often faced grim futures. Many were destined for lives of servitude or were sent West to work on farms. Unlike Judy’s fairy-tale-like experience, most real-life orphans were not so fortunate.

Orphanages have existed in the United States since the mid-19th century, and charitable organizations often found them. The need for them grew between 1830 and 1850 due to health epidemics such as Cholera and Tuberculosis. Many children in these institutions were housed temporarily until their parents could recover financially. Only about 30% of orphans were “total orphans,” with no family to return to. Life after the orphanage was often bleak for these children, with few opportunities. The U.S., like other countries, usually sent these orphans to far-flung areas for labor, much like Anne of Green Gables depicts. Judy’s story in Daddy-Long-Legs, where she receives an education and support from a benefactor, is closer to a fairy tale.

Regarding female education, the U.S. held relatively progressive views from the early 19th century onward. The first women’s college was established in 1836; by 1875, around 50 colleges opened their doors to women. Many scholars trace this educational progress back to the influence of New England Puritan beliefs, emphasizing that boys and girls should be able to read. Primary schooling became more accessible, and by 1750, nearly 90% of women in New England were literate, with some advancing to secondary education. However, formal schooling was still limited to those with means, which is why many young women, like Judy, needed a benefactor to attend college.

Judy’s benefactor, Mr. Jervis, is mentioned as a socialist in her letters, adding a unique dimension to his role. In the context of early 20th-century America, his support for Judy’s education reflects a progressive outlook that was not common for his time.

Impression of the Book

Daddy-Long-Legs is written epistolary, where the narrative unfolds through letters. Through Judy’s correspondence, we witness her journey from a young girl to an independent young woman. As I read the book, I was pleasantly surprised by how clearly her letters convey her growth. While there is a romantic element to the story, I believe the author’s primary focus is on the importance of education for all, regardless of gender or social status.

Despite the progressive strides in education, gender expectations remained robust in early 20th-century America. These can also be explored in other works, such as The Awakening. At the time, it was still uncommon for a girl of Judy’s background to receive such an education, let alone attend university.

Personal Impact

Reading Daddy-Long-Legs brought back memories of other works I encountered at an early age, such as Little Women, Vanity Fair, David Copperfield, and Hamlet. I had already read these books by the time I graduated elementary school.

As a child, I remember being surprised by the revelation that Mr. Jervis was Judy’s benefactor. However, in hindsight, the clues were evident throughout the story. For example, his interest in literature, like taking the girls to see Macbeth, hinted at his identity. His actions, preventing Judy from spending the summer at Sally’s house, may have been motivated by a hint of jealousy towards Jimmy. Reading the book now, with full knowledge of the ending, I see all the signs I missed in my younger years. That plot twist left a lasting impression on me as a child.

As a young reader, the more English Literature I read, the more I want to learn English to read all this literature in English. I also thought about the possibilities that Education could open future options later in my life. Nothing is 100%; however, introducing a book like “Daddy-Long-Legs” can impact a young child.

References

Carlton, G. (2023, March 20). A History of Women in Higher Education | BestColleges. https://www.bestcolleges.com/news/analysis/2021/03/21/history-women-higher-education/

Women’s education in the United States. (2024, August 27). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_education_in_the_United_States

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I See The Message Beneath the Action In Ender’s Game

~ Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card Part II

Ender’s Game is a military science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card, first published in 1985. Although initially targeted at a young adult audience, I found the book rich with philosophical themes that merit deeper exploration. There was so much to discuss that I split my analysis into two parts. If you’re unfamiliar with the story, I recommend reading the first part of my blog, where I cover the plot.

Moral Compass - Ender's Game Created by NightCafe

In the first part, I focused on Ender’s moral conflicts, leadership dynamics, and their impact on him. In this blog, I want to delve into the moral fabric of the society depicted in the book, the critical decisions made by humanity, and Ender’s deep compassion for the buggers, which drives his quest for redemption as he seeks to undo the harm he caused.

Humanity’s Desperate Gamble

The Earth was attacked by the buggers long ago, with the last victory against them achieved by Mazer Rackham in a battle that took place 70 years prior. No adult since then had been able to outmaneuver the buggers. As humanity prepared for the third and possibly final confrontation, they realized they needed someone who could think differently—someone who could finish the buggers once and for all. Shockingly, they decided that this someone had to be a child. From our perspective, this seems both horrifying and insane, but humanity was desperate to survive the impending bugger invasion.

Ender’s strategic brilliance reminded me of Hannibal during the Second Punic War. Under challenging conditions, Hannibal devised innovative tactics to defeat the Roman forces by marching through Spain, Gaul, and across the Alps with elephants—strategies that caught the Romans entirely off guard (Britannica, n.d.). Hannibal’s success was fueled by his deep understanding of Roman tactics and his desire for revenge, leading him to create entirely new approaches to warfare. Similarly, Ender’s creativity and unconventional thinking were crucial in developing new strategies against the buggers. While I’ve never found the original study by George Land often cited to suggest that children are more creative than adults, I must admit that children’s imagination can sometimes be astonishing. If Hannibal’s “surprise” tactics were effective, perhaps a child’s imaginative approach could similarly work in battle.

Graff likely saw someone who could be easily manipulated to accomplish the adults’ objectives in Ender. The battle training was introduced to the children as a game, like playing soccer, and combat exercises were presented to Ender as a computer simulation. This approach was a deliberate attempt by the adults to desensitize the children, blurring the lines between real war and games.

Ultimately, using children as tools in the war against the buggers was successful. However, this method raises significant ethical questions about the societal values depicted in the world of this book. It reveals deep moral compromises made to ensure human survival, leaving us to ponder the actual cost of such decisions.

The Critical Decision Made by Humanity

While it’s true that the buggers initiated the conflict by attacking humanity, I believe there are two primary reasons why humans ultimately decided to exterminate them: xenophobia and misunderstanding.

The buggers are fundamentally different from humans. They resemble ants despite having evolved beyond an exoskeleton. This stark difference triggers a common human tendency to discriminate against or dehumanize those who are not like us. The concept of the “Other” often emerges in such scenarios—a behavior known as xenophobia. Derived from the Greek words meaning “fear of strangers,” xenophobia is a fear or distrust of those perceived as outsiders. According to Faulkner et al.(2004), xenophobia may be an evolved survival mechanism in humans, initially to avoid disease (as cited in Wagner, Ryan, 2017, Apr 1).

The entire narrative of Ender’s Game revolves around this conflict between humans and the buggers. The insect-like appearance of the buggers, combined with their perceived threat to human existence, led humanity to see them as “Others” that must be exterminated. Wagner suggests that when faced with those perceived as “strangers,” humans often dehumanize them, leading to justifications for extreme actions like extermination (Wagner, 2017, Apr 1).

Humanity’s response to the buggers was driven by xenophobia, primarily due to their alien physiology. However, when Ender later encounters the bugger queen, he learns that the conflict is rooted in a tragic misunderstanding. The buggers, upon first contact, did not intend to kill humans; they simply didn’t realize that another sentient species existed in the universe. The queen emphasizes this by saying, “We are like you,” which reflects the parallel between Ender’s actions—exterminating the buggers without understanding what he was doing.

If the buggers had appeared more human-like, would humanity have chosen to eradicate them? It’s a question we can’t definitively answer. Perhaps if there had been some form of communication possible—despite the buggers’ telepathic abilities—humans might have sought a different path. Yet, the story suggests that humanity has a broader tendency to react with violence when confronted with the unknown, especially when those they face are so different that their extermination seems justified in human eyes.

Ender’s Connection with the Buggers

Ender saw a reflection of himself in the buggers. Just as the buggers were destined to remain permanent “others” in the eyes of humanity, Ender had always been an “other” in his own world. As the third child, he was an outcast from birth. His brother Peter, who often tormented him, always made Ender play the role of the buggers in their game of “buggers and astronauts.” In this game, the buggers could never win against the astronauts, reinforcing Ender’s role as the perpetual outsider. Even when Valentine tries to intervene and suggest that Ender play the astronaut, Peter ignores her. Ender was always cast on the side of the buggers.

At school, Ender was dehumanized by his classmate Stilson simply because he was a third, seen as less than human. Later, Ender unwittingly caused the deaths of others, mirroring the buggers’ tragic actions. When the buggers finally communicated with him, Ender understood their grief and guilt, recognizing a parallel to his own experiences.

From the moment Ender arrived at the I.F. academy, he was strategically isolated from the other students and his family to shape him into a general that adults could more easily control. This isolation, compounded by the loneliness of his childhood, fostered a deep empathy within Ender. He knew all too well what it meant to be different, which may have made it easier for the buggers to reach out to him—though tragically, it was too late to prevent their destruction.

Ender’s profound compassion for the buggers, combined with the sense of betrayal he felt from the adults who manipulated him, drove him to seek redemption for what had been done to both him and the buggers. Now, carrying the queen’s egg, he searches for a new planet where the buggers might live again, hoping to atone for the destruction he unknowingly caused.

I discovered Ender’s Game through the “Read These Banned Books” list published by the American Library Association. When I talked about reading this book, my co-worker, who is well-versed in science fiction, recommended it, assuring me it was an excellent read. I’m glad I took the time to explore it, as the novel is far more profound than I initially anticipated and has given me much to ponder.

At first, I struggled to grasp what the author was trying to convey beyond the surface of military science fiction and action. However, after nearly three weeks of analysis, I realized that the book critiques humanity’s tendency to dehumanize those we consider “Others.” It also highlights how we often justify our terrible deeds for survival or righteousness. Strangely, it reminded me of the long conflict between Rome and Carthage and how the legendary poet Virgil wrote The Aeneid to justify Rome’s actions—a reflection of how humans craft narratives to make sense of our choices and consequences.

I heard the sequel books are equally good as the first one. I will definitely read the sequel.

References

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2024, June 27). Second Punic War. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/event/Second-Punic-War

Wagner, Ryan T. (2017). The Significant Influencing Factors of Xenophobia [Documents]. Digital Commons @ Olivet; Olivet Scholarship. Olivet Nazarene University. https://jstor.org/stable/community.37867572

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Good Leadership and Community Are Important To Survive

August 4, 2024

As part of the 100 Banned Books Project, I recently explored the first ten volumes of “The Walking Dead” graphic novel series—a new territory for me, given my limited exposure to graphic novels despite growing up where manga is ubiquitous. Opting to read a horror series was a leap out of my comfort zone, especially since I hadn’t watched the TV adaptation. My reactions and insights are entirely based on the impactful storytelling from 10 volumes of the graphic novels I’ve read. I encountered within these pages—yes, they were pretty intense and, at times, frightening.

Zombie Attack - created via NightCafe

Overall, “The Walking Dead” adheres to the classic science fiction narrative arc: a catastrophic disaster strikes, a leader or hero rises, and a tyrant emerges, further complicating the survivors’ quest for a resolution.

Since I’ve read only the first ten volumes, I could not see whether Rick or anyone else reached a clear resolution to the zombie apocalypse that was ever delineated. They did not even know why they were turning into zombies.

The first ten volumes’ underlying themes of leadership, community, and symbolism struck a deeper chord with me. These themes propel the plot and mirror the vast spectrum of human experiences and historical challenges.

In this blog post, I will delve into these themes, examining how they unfold in the harsh yet enlightening world of “The Walking Dead” and sharing my reflections on their broader implications on our understanding of society and survival.

Leadership in The Walking Dead

The concept of leadership in The Walking Dead graphic novels is dynamic and evolving. It initially mirrors the intense, life-and-death decisions often seen in military settings rather than those typical of a business environment.

This notion of leadership echoes historical instances where strong leadership was crucial during times of disaster. For example, records from ancient civilizations like the Greeks and Romans show leaders stepping up in times of crisis. In his 2012 paper, Hughes cites how Emperor Nero provided for his people following the great fire of Rome. Similarly, leadership was pivotal when Mount Vesuvius erupted 15 years later, with leaders managing crisis responses that likely saved many lives.

Early in the series, leadership is embodied by law enforcement figures like Shane and Rick. However, as the story progresses, this leadership structure evolves into a co-leadership model, adding depth and intrigue to the narrative.

They eventually encounter different leadership styles, exemplified by the governor of Woodbury, who lacks moral integrity despite his effectiveness against zombies. His actions precipitate his downfall, leading to his death at the hands of one of his people after he kills Lori and her daughter, Judith.

This part of the story emphasizes that effective leadership involves more than quick decision-making for survival; it necessitates a moral compass and the capacity to inspire and uphold trust among people. In light of this, Emperor Nero is not celebrated as a hero who rescued people in the disaster; instead, he is remembered as one of the harsh leaders. This graphic novel illustrates the intricate nature of leading in a post-apocalyptic world.

The Necessity of Community

Growing up in a country frequently affected by natural disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes, I learned early on the importance of a strong community during crises. Reading “The Walking Dead” further deepened my understanding, as the characters’ survival often depends on their ability to unite and support each other.

The graphic novels show small communities, like the one formed by Rick and Lori, where everyone relies on mutual aid to get by. They highlight how, in dire need, the best assistance often arises from small, cohesive groups. Then, even a well-prepared individual will need help in the long run. For instance, Hershel Greene, who initially survives with just his family on their farm, is ultimately compelled to join the larger community after a tragic encounter with the zombies he harbored, killing his sons.

This theme reminded me of the community dynamics in N.K. Jemisin’s “Broken Earth” series. Although the plots differ, both stories reflect how communities react under stress differently—some by raiding or exploiting others and some by endeavoring to help those in distress.

Communities that uphold solid moral values tend to endure and thrive across generations. Disaster experiences profoundly affect our collective psyche, shaping how we respond to future calamities and enhancing our preparedness for them. On the flip side, self-centered actions can lead to isolation, especially when solidarity is vital in subsequent generations.

Humanity’s inherent inclination to support each other is evident in real-world responses to disasters, such as the international aid sent to Japan following severe earthquakes or the widespread assistance provided to Nashville after a major tornado in 2020 disrupted power for half a million households for an extended period. These acts of solidarity help communities recover and reinforce the essential human bond that emerges strong in the face of adversity.

Symbolism of Zombies and Survivors

In “The Walking Dead,” zombies symbolize the ubiquitous fears and disasters humanity faces. At the same time, the survivors represent those who overcome these challenges.

This motif resonates with ancient beliefs in many cultures, where disasters were often attributed to supernatural forces. In Japan, for instance, natural calamities were sometimes thought to result from angered mystical entities. Ancient Greeks and Romans believed that gods often brought disasters as punishment.

The survivors in the graphic novels, much like communities facing real-world disasters, embody resilience and hope—a testament to human endurance and solidarity across different eras and cultures.

Conclusion

Every story, no matter its genre or setting, holds valuable lessons if we approach it with the right mindset. “The Walking Dead” is more than just a series about surviving a zombie apocalypse; it offers a profound exploration of leadership and community that is highly relevant to our real-world experiences. By depicting a post-apocalyptic world where the stakes are life and death, the series not only tests the resilience of the human spirit but also simulates disaster scenarios that push us to consider our responses to extreme adversity.

The graphic novels have prompted me to reflect on the qualities that define authentic leadership and the importance of community during crises. They underscore the idea that in times of dire need, the strength of our communal bonds can make the difference between survival and collapse.

As someone coming from Japan—a country awaiting a significant overdue earthquake—these stories oddly provide a sense of hope. They remind me that resilience, deeply ingrained in our

consciousness, can help us navigate and potentially overcome even the most catastrophic events. “The Walking Dead” reassures us that despite the horrors we might face, our capacity for cooperation and leadership can lead us through the darkest times.

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Why We Must Listen to Youths in Need

This banned book, “Trick,” written by Ellen Hopkins, led me to discover another unpleasant issue: many teens are put into a spot where they run away and are kicked out of their homes.

“Trick” is a novel written in verse about the stories of five teenagers from different backgrounds. Each teenager faces struggles with their unique problems and circumstances that lead them into the world of prostitution to survive in the harsh environment.

Teens – generated via NightCafe

What disturbed me the most was that some adults were well aware of their situations, willingly exploiting these teenagers who desperately needed their help. The stories are all sad. The stories were discussed and horrifying. If you go to the National Runaway Safeline forums, you can read many teen postings.

We are consumed with our lives and oblivious to something about our society. No, we may intentionally ignore them because these issues seem unsettling. In verse, Hopkins tried to portray these tragic, scary, and alarming stories. Her message is crisp and clear—hey, adults, pay attention!

There Are So Many Runaway Adolescents In The U.S.

I was surprised to find out how many runaway adolescents there are in the United States. Around 1.7 million young people run away or are expelled every year. In 2021, there will be about 43 million people aged between 10 and 19, approximately 4% of our teens. If you include non-registered residents in the United States, the number shoots up even higher.

The demographic of runaway adolescents can vary widely – which means there are runaway adolescents in any demographic. However, there are more runaway adolescents in specific demographics, such as lower income, race, and social identities.

Income

The lowest-income group has the highest percentage of runaway adolescents. According to reports from ASPE, 21% of runaways come from lower-income families, 16% from middle-income families, and 12% from upper-income family groups (ASPE, 2007).

Ethnicity

Runaway adolescents come from all ethnicities. According to NRS (2018), the percentage of blacks or African Americans (23%) or Hispanics or Latinos (18%) is much higher (NRS-2018). There is a distribution of runaway adolescents. However, the interpretation of the statistics needs to be evaluated more carefully as the population composition for each ethnic group is different.

Social Identity

LGBTQ+ youth represented a high % of homeless youth despite they represent only 5 to 10% of the youth population. According to the National Network for Youth, 20 to 40% of homeless youth identify as LGBTQ+ (Kovalick, 2024, July 15). They face multiple challenges, such as family rejection, discrimination, safety and health risks, and social stigma.

How to Protect These Vonulable Youth

It is reported that one-third of these runaway teens end up in some form of sexual trade within 48 hours of leaving their homes (Runaway Homeless Youth Statistics, nd). Some organizations include the National Runaway Safeline (NRS) and the National Network for Youth (NN4Y).

Lack of Trust and Fear of Authorities

I realized there is something in common with those teens. Those teens have experienced some types of abuse, neglect, or other issues. For example, Whitney is a typical example of neglect. So, instead of seeking adult help, they decide to stay or be trapped in horrible situations.

Legal Limitation Around Assisting Teen Runaway

Legal limitations exist around assisting teen runaways, making it a complex problem. We have legal frameworks to protect minors, who should be under the supervision of responsible adults. When their guardians abuse them, legal limitations can prevent us from providing immediate and appropriate assistance.

These Teens Fre Facing A High Risk of Exploration

There is an adult who exploits these teens since they are vulnerable. They don’t trust adults, and they fear authorities. So, it will be difficult for these teens to seek adult assistance. That made them easy targets as they are vulnerable. In Whitney’s case, Bryn exploited Eden. In Eden’s Case, even a man in the correction house tried to manipulate her.

Substance Abuse Issues & Other Mental disorders

Some teens have problems with substance abuse. Research indicated that 60.5% of the runaways experienced either alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, or drug abuse (Johnson, Whitbeck, and Hoyt, 2005)

What Can We Do?

Frankly, this book was harrowing to read. It provoked me to realize how oblivious I was to the issue. It was not because I did not know those issues existed. Those issues you watched on TV shows over two decades ago in the past were fiction in my head. I was too busy with my life and did not even take time to check to see. I am not even sure if I did not do this project of researching banned books; I’ve even investigated further, even when I read these books, and this greatly disturbed me.

I am still trying to figure out how I can help them. I can donate some money, and it will help the organizations. The more I researched these issues, the more I understood how complex these issues are. There are so many issues we need to discuss if we want to help them, such as having enough infrastructure and legal protection against them, especially if they live in conditions where the abusers are their guardians. I can’t stop thinking that we will never be able to remove the root of these issues.

Yeah, there are between 1.7 million teens who report away yearly. And they are in great danger of being exploited by adults in the United States. So, the author says this at the end of her book. If you see them, call the hotline. It’s important. Please ensure some adults listen to them and explain why they are on the street. It may be their guardians who were the source of the problems.

Please Reached Out to The Following Organization If You See Youth In Trouble

National Runaway Safeline (1-800-RUNAWAY)

Contact

Want to Read Other Posting about Banned Books? Click Here.

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‘Of Mice and Men’ Made Me think about Mental Illness

Introduction

In this blog, I discuss a sticky social issue we are still trying to figure out by delving into John Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. Steinbeck drew inspiration from Robert Burns’ poem “To a Mouse” to write this novel—the novel centers on two migrant workers navigating California during the Great Depression. Lennie, one of the workers, is disabled and possesses the mental capacity of a young child.

George and Lennie – generated by NightCafe

Due to its themes of violence and profanity, “Of Mice and Men” has frequently contested the position of the top 100 banned books list in the United States for decades.

I am introducing this book as one of the banned books, but it was once a staple of the high school English curriculum—my husband included. This novel explains many literary tools and discusses social issues. My husband suggested that I read this novel parallel to a poem written by Robert Burns for a deeper understanding.

This novel is profoundly saddening. It moved me to tears when I read this novel the first time; if asked whether I liked it, I’d lean towards no, but I still recognize its significant literary value. Steinbeck tackles the uncomfortable social issues of how society treated mentally challenged people during that era.

Plot Summary of Of Mice and Men

The protagonists, George Milton and Lennie Small, are itinerant farmworkers in California. George is practical and intelligent, while Lennie is physically strong but mentally challenged. Lennie is a good worker but needs to be faster to understand things. Lennie has a penchant for soft and pretty things and loves touching them. When Lennie gets panicked or afraid, he has the habit of grabbing. Unfortunately, Lennie does not understand his strength, so he halts and breaks whatever he holds onto—which has caused trouble in the past.

They struggled to maintain one job for an extended period, possibly due to the Great Depression. Still, Lennie’s problematic behaviors added to the difficulty. George looked after Lennie, nurturing their shared dream of owning a 10-acre farm where Lennie hopes to raise rabbits.

Their dream almost becomes reality through a deal with Candy, another worker who proposes they buy a farm together. However, the plan unravels after Lennie accidentally kills Curley’s wife in a moment of panic—Curley is the jealous and aggressive farm owner. In a tragic turn, George decides to end Lennie’s life mercifully to spare him from Curley’s wrath, reminiscent of how Candy’s old dog was euthanized.

The History of Criminalizing Mental Illness

In the United States, individuals with behavioral issues were often forcibly placed into Insane Asylums. The asylum was constructed in the late 1800s and became overcrowded by the 1930s (Colorado College, 2016, para. 2-3).

Most patients had not committed any crimes; it was a preemptive measure. Some who had committed crimes may have been sent to asylums. Most of them ended up in a cell on death row. Back then, protections like the 8th Amendment did not apply, and many more individuals could be executed for their perceived crimes, as seen in early 20th-century cases.

I was digging into some of the old cases from the Early 1900s, such as Ed Hager’s 1909 case or Cruz Romero’s 1929 case (Colorado College, 2016, para. 13-14), which are great examples. From what I can see from the record, they should have been admitted to an institution instead of admitted into cells on death row.

No Interpretation of Mental Illness Until the ’50s

Despite evident mental incapacities, diagnoses of sanity persisted until the mid-20th century. For instance, the inability to recognize the insanity in individuals like Ed Hager and Cruz Romero highlights a lack of understanding of mental health issues until significant changes in 1952 (Colorado College, 2016, para. 5). Lennie’s character brings to mind these historical injustices, showing no comprehension of his actions yet dreaming of future rabbits.

Intellectual Disability and Punishment

The U.S. has come a long way. Awareness of mental health issues has improved, and the Constitution now forbids cruel punishments, as stated in our 8th Amendment, “… nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted”, including the execution of those with intellectual disabilities, as affirmed by the Atkins v. Virginia case (Atkins v. Virginia, n.d.).

Killing for Compassion – Did George Commit Mercy Killing or Murder?

The end of the story leads us to a complex question: Did George commit mercy killing or murder? Before delving into this, it’s worth noting the plot of Burns’ “To a Mouse.” The poem discusses life’s unpredictability for both humans and animals, illustrated by the accidental destruction of a mouse’s nest. Humans will remember the tragedy as a bad memory and fear for the future. On the other hand, animals cannot. Just as the mouse is unaware of its bleak future, Lennie is unaware of the imminent threat from Curley and his men, nor are any criminal charges imposed upon him. George’s act can thus be seen as one of compassion, sparing Lennie from a future he couldn’t grasp, much like the speaker’s pity for the mouse.

Since the story ends here, we would not know what happened to George after this incident. He may be charged with the murder of Goerge.

Conclusion

I learned critical moral lessons from this book: Exploring “Of Mice and Men” alongside historical perspectives on mental illness. I realized that anyone can experience unexpected tragedy and the cruelty of fate. Moreover, I learned the importance of having empathy, regardless of our status or significance.

Additionally, exploring the poignant verses of Robert Burns’s “To a Mouse” enriches our understanding of George and Lennie’s tragic story. While the novel leaves us with heavy hearts, it also invites reflection on broader societal issues—mainly how we treat the most vulnerable.

Steinbeck’s narrative is a tale of friendship and shattered dreams and a timeless reminder of the importance of empathy and the complexities surrounding moral decisions. As we close this discussion, let me carry forward the lessons learned from George and Lennie’s journey, recognizing the profound impact of literature in echoing the call for humanity and compassion in our ongoing dialogue about mental health and justice.

Do you want to read Other Posts like this? Click this link. Read These Banned Books

References

Atkins v. Virginia. (n.d.). Oyez. Retrieved July 10, 2024, from https://www.oyez.org/cases/2001/00-8452 Colorado College. (2016, June 28).

Criminalization of Mental Illness. Past, Present, Prison. https://sites.coloradocollege.edu/hip/mentally-ill-and-the-penal-system/

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Empathy and Community Support Can Potentially Prevent Adolescent Violence

Living in the United States, one inevitably encounters news of school shootings. One of the most recent tragic events I can recall was the shooting at Covenant School in Green Hills, Nashville, Tennessee, which resulted in six deaths. These incidents are deeply unsettling. Schools are supposed to be safe havens where students and teachers return home safely each day. Yet, on March 27, 2023, this expectation was shattered for many.

Statistics reveal the alarming frequency of school shootings in the United States, especially after the pandemic. According to the National Center for Education Statistics (September 2023), between 2000 and 2021, there were 108 homicides and 168 injuries caused by 47 active shooters in schools. In the 2019-2020 school year alone, there were 25 school-related deaths, including 23 homicides and one suicide.

Isolated – generated by NightCafe

Why did I open this blog by discussing these uncomfortable statistics? Reading “Nineteen Minutes” by Jodi Picoult prompted me to delve deeper into this issue. The novel built upon a layer of a school shooting from various perspectives, challenging my preconceived notions about shooters simply being evil and deserving punishment. It compelled me to confront the complex underlying issues contributing to such tragedies. Then, the thought makes me wonder if there are any ways to prevent school shootings.

Jodi Picoult’s powerful novel “19 Minutes” is a story about a devastating school shooting perpetrated by a high school student, Peter Hungton. In a harrowing nineteen-minute span, Peter takes the lives of ten people and injures nine others, leaving an indelible scar on the entire community in the rural town of Stealing City in New Hampshire.

When a detective first enters the school locker rooms. He found two bodies, Matt Royston’s, a famous athlete, and his girlfriend, Josie Cormier’s. Their bodies were found together in the locker room covered by blood. Matt was shot twice, while Josie finds herself amidst the chaos, covered in blood, though physically almost unharmed.

Jodie, once Peter’s childhood friend, drifted away to join the school’s elite, leaving Peter alone. Not only did she leave Peter, but she started dating one of Peter’s bullies, Matt Roystone. No matter how much Jodie tried to forget her old self, she found herself sandwiched between the self-image of the school elite and the rest. While balancing life at the school site and the past life with Peter, Josie grapples with conflicting emotions toward Peter and Matt.

Alex Cormier, Josie’s mother and a judge, faces dual challenges as a single parent and a professional handling the legal aftermath of the tragedy. Her daughter has no memory of the shooting and closed up her mind toward her mothers. Alex feels that she failed to be a good mother.

The narrative unfolds through multiple viewpoints, including Peter’s troubled perspective, Josie’s internal struggle, Alex’s ethical dilemmas, and the perspectives of key figures like detective Patrick Ducharme and defense attorney Jordan McAfee. While delving into the perspectives of many in this book, I realized that the issue is more complex than it seemed.

Instinctively, Detective Patric sensed the key to solving this case was to solve one of the puzzles about why Josie was not hurt at all. Yet, there is no way to find out from Josie since she seems to block out the memory of the shooting.

As the trial unfolds, Picoult skillfully exposes the layers of bullying and social ostracism that plagued Peter’s school life, largely unchecked by adults and peers alike. The novel delves deeply into societal issues, questioning the support systems and the lack of prevention of such catastrophic events.

Bullying and Its Impact on Adolescent Shooters

Is what this novel said true? I had to investigate the profile of the shooter. I found out that the majority of the active shooters at education centers are teenagers. Then, I found something disturbing. Many seem to have something in common. Research into the profiles of shooters reveals a common trait among many: 80% of them have experienced bullying, with 57% enduring bullying episodes lasting more than a week (Merod & Arundel, 2024).

These shooters often cite their experiences of being bullied as a pivotal factor in their actions. For instance, the shooter at Watson High School blamed bullies, teachers, social services, and the school for not intervening during his ordeal (Kowalski, March 29, 2023). Similarly, the shooter at Madison High School expressed feelings of being ostracized and unsupported, even by his own mother (para. 3).

Adolescents, Bullying, and Gun Carrying

Adolescents’ brains are a little different from that of adults. Neurologically, adolescents are still developing their frontal lobes, which can lead to a higher tolerance for risky decisions and impulsive actions based on uncertainty (Hartley & Somerville, 2015).

When horrible bullying occurs to adolescents without any intervention, one day, some will pick a gun to end their atrocious life at school. Adolescents who have been bullied have a 49% higher chance of carrying a gun compared to those who have not been bullied (Merod & Arundel, January 10, 2024). These neurological factors can contribute to adolescents’ responses to bullying and their access to firearms.

In “19 Minutes,” a poignant insight from a psychology expert highlights how a single incident of bullying in childhood can be as traumatic over time as a single instance of sexual abuse. Those horrible experiences are often blocked out from their memory; however, the rest will remember and scur them for life. Others may dismiss these experiences as minor parts of school life, while these experiences profoundly impact individuals like Peter.

A Call for Understanding and Support

Data indicates that the number of school shooting incidents has been increasing since the start of the pandemic. Psychologists hypothesize that people are missing out on face-to-face social interactions due to the restrictions placed on them. As a result, troubled adolescents may be experiencing even greater social isolation than before the pandemic. When I discovered this, I started to see why psychologists see people, and support could be the key to stopping tragedies.

There are similarities in characters between Hanna, from 13 Reasons Why, and Peter, from 19 Minutes. Both are crying for acknowledgment that they are loved by someone. However, their cries for help were unheard or insufficiently supported, leading to tragic outcomes that blur the lines between self-harm and violence against others. There are fine lines between them.

I checked to see if the case prevented school shootings and then came across Aaron Stark’s TED Talk. Aaron Stark (Stark, 2018) described his troubled adolescence as feeling like an outcast and unloved. Stark talked about his past experience of almost causing a school shooting. Stark felt like he had been outcasted and neglected by his parents. This horrible life must be stopped. He got a gun for a specific mission to harm others and himself. Then, he was stopped by a friend. His story underscores the critical importance of reaching out to troubled adolescents and providing them with support and intervention before it’s too late.

Conclusion: Understanding the Impact of Bullying

“19 Minutes” provides a poignant exploration of school bullying. It challenges readers to confront uncomfortable questions about culpability and the societal pressures young people face. The novel explores the boundaries of empathy and justice, urging a deeper consideration of what it means to be an outsider and the devastating outcomes when a community fails to nurture and protect all its members. Through its richly drawn characters and emotionally charged plot, “19 Minutes” asks a fundamental question: Can we truly judge Peter without first examining the world that shaped him?

As I navigate these sensitive issues, it becomes evident that proactive measures and empathetic responses are crucial in shaping a safer and more supportive environment for all adolescents. There is an urgent need for support and understanding for troubled youth. By fostering empathy and addressing the root causes of bullying and isolation, we can work towards preventing future tragedies and nurturing healthier communities. This book made me think about the importance of early intervention and community support in preventing tragedies.

Read more posts like this. Read These Banned Books

References

Hartley, C. A., & Somerville, L. H. (2015). The neuroscience of adolescent decision-making. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 5, 108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.09.004

Kowalski, R. (n.d.). School Shootings in America | Psychology Today. Retrieved June 24, 2024, from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-social-psyche/202303/school-shootings-in-america

Merod, A., & Arundel, K. (2024, January 10). Bullying is linked to school shootings. What do schools need to know? K-12 Dive. https://www.k12dive.com/news/bullying-school-shootings-prevention/704206/

National Center for Education Statistics. (September, 2023).  Violent Deaths at School and Away From School, School Shootings, and Active Shooter Incidents (Annual Reports and Information Staff). [Annual Reports]. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/a01

Stark, A. (2018, June). Aaron Stark: I was almost a school shooter | Aaron Stark | TEDxBoulder | TED Talk [TED]. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/aaron_stark_i_was_almost_a_school_shooter/transcript

Tags: bullying, adolescent violence, empathy, community support, school shootings

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Living on the Edge: A Firsthand Look at Minimum Wage Struggles in America

Nearly 38 million Americans suffer from Poverty in the United States. You will only understand what it is to be in it if you have lived in poverty. So, an American journalist, Barbara Ehrenreich, embarks on a unique investigative journey to experience the realities of living on a minimum wage in America. This insightful exploration, derived from her firsthand experiences working in various low-wage jobs across multiple states, sheds light on the daily struggles of millions of Americans.

Ehrenreich’s journey began when she left her full-time job as a journalist to delve into the lives of the working poor. She traveled to Florida, Maine, and Minnesota, taking on roles as a waitress, hotel cleaner, house cleaner, nursing care aide, and Wal-Mart sales clerk. Often, she found herself juggling more than one job simultaneously to make ends meet. No matter how much she spent budgeting her expenses, she lived paycheck to paycheck. She experienced a stark portrayal of the challenges faced by those earning minimum wage. Yet, she saw how important it was to note the resilience and determination of these workers, who continue to strive despite their odds, inspiring us with their unwavering spirit.

Through her varied job experiences, Ehrenreich discovered that no job is truly “unskilled.” Each position required mastering new tools, learning specific terminology, and understanding distinct operational procedures. Her coworkers and supervisors heavily influenced the quality of her work life, as they taught her the essential skills to do her jobs right or even get better schedules. Moreover, she realized that performing too well could paradoxically lead to increased expectations, potentially raising the bar for others in similar positions.

One of the most striking aspects of Ehrenreich’s narrative is her struggle with mobility and living conditions. Despite owning a car, the costs associated with commuting limited her options. If you try to live near the work to avoid owning a car, you now limit where you live. Even public transportation can be costly. In Nashville, for example, a ticket for 2 hours bus ride costs $2. You will likely spend over 1 hour of wages for transport if you have multiple jobs.

She often found herself in substandard living situations without basic amenities like air conditioning, relying on non-perishable—and frequently unhealthy—food options due to financial constraints. Her experiences highlight a critical issue: even with full-time employment, many Americans struggle to afford basic necessities, including medical insurance. These are not just statistics but real people with real struggles, and it’s crucial to remember that.

Drawing from personal experiences, I never faced the harsh realities of minimum wage labor during my formative years. My seasonal job as a lifeguard during university, which paid double the minimum wage, combined with the security of living with my parents or relatives, shielded me from the financial instabilities faced by many others. As I became an adult, I started meeting other people. This contrast became even more apparent as I encountered stories from individuals struggling with healthcare costs and living below the poverty line.

There are a few things I can do. I can do besides donating toys or food at the foodbank to use my skills in tax preparation. Through volunteer work as a tax preparer for low-income families in Tennessee, I gained further insight into the economic hardships many face. Many spoke to me about their hardships while preparing their taxes. I had to stop doing the tax preparation volunteer since the pandemic. The cessation of this activity due to the pandemic, considering my high-risk spouse, was regrettable but necessary.

Now, we look into the actual statistics. How many Americans are actually in poverty? The 2022 U.S. Census revealed an 11% national poverty rate, translating to 37.9 million people living in poverty (Bureau, n.d.), with local figures in Davidson County, TN, slightly higher.

I know there are some assistant programs. Tax preparation services are one of them. Despite the existence of assistance programs, many still need to be insured and burdened by rising living costs. The static federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, the same as Tennessee’s minimum wage,  contrasts sharply with the escalating cost of living, exemplified by the near doubling of housing prices in Nashville since 2018. To consider access to the works, you must balance the higher and lower rent with the commute. You are looking at approximately $750 for a studio or 1-bedroom apartment – only a few are available. You can try owning a car and living in a rural area. Even the cars used are costly, and the gas prices are much higher than when I first moved here in 2018.

Can you move out of poverty? Ehrenreich’s narrative and corroborative personal observations make clear the pervasive cycle of poverty. When you don’t have enough money, you eat the available foods. You live in a lot of stress—you will have a higher chance of getting health problems. If you have medical insurance, the situation will be good.

When my husband was ill due to his stroke, I spent time investigating our options. I thought we had saved for a few years with all the medical costs. I was worried that my husband would not get well. Those publications are usually offered in English, but not all Americans can read English. Not everyone had emergency funds saved up. I met a family who was crying during the long-term care. The father, who was around 40 years old, got a brain stroke. She had two young children. She did not speak good English, but their situation stressed her. I gave her the business card for social assistance programs where she could speak her language to get support.

In the United States, poverty is everywhere, but the southern states have a higher poverty rate. I could not conclude the reasons, but I suspected that it had something to do with the types of industries the states have, the types of available jobs, or the infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals. According to Scioto Analysis (September 19, 2023), the cost of living is a significant factor.

Wikipedia. (2021) List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_poverty_rate

Can a government do something about it? Perhaps. It is not that easy as it is, though. I was trying to make sense of the data, so I corrected various data, such as the inflation rate, the Gini coefficient, etc. I even gathered the data from other countries, such as Canada, Japan, and the EU, where I lived in the past. Factors such as the Gini coefficient or inflation do not correlate straightforwardly with poverty levels, suggesting a complex interplay of socioeconomic factors. Surprisingly, the U.S. is doing better than Japan or EU countries. Since the U.S. has many people, we have many people in poverty.

Ehrenreich’s book provides a compelling look into the lives of the working poor, a condition exacerbated by inadequate wages and rising living costs. Her experiences underscore the urgent need for policy reform and support systems that address the roots of poverty and provide meaningful support to those in need. Now, I see how complicated that would be. We still need to advocate for changes that will allow more individuals to escape the cycle of poverty and achieve economic stability.

I’m glad I read this book, even though it was depressing. I should remember that this is the reality for nearly 38 million Americans. And this is the 3rd banned book I read.

References

Bureau, U. C. (n.d.). National Poverty in America Awareness Month: January 2024. Census.Gov. Retrieved June 18, 2024, from https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/poverty-awareness-month.html

Scioto Analysis. (2023, September 19). Poverty in the States: 2022. https://www.sciotoanalysis.com/news/2023/9/19/poverty-in-the-states-2022

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Davidson County, Tennessee. (n.d.). Retrieved June 21, 2024, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/davidsoncountytennessee/RHI425222

Wikipedia. (n.d.) List of U.S. states and territories by poverty rate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_poverty_rate

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Exploring the Dystopian Depths of ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ by Margaret Atwood

The second book I selected from the banned book list was “The Handmaid’s Tale” by Margaret Atwood. This dystopian novel is set in a fictional future known as the Republic of Gilead. This society in this book, governed by a secretive religious regime adhering to strict Christian doctrines,  incorporates Biblical references, providing a basis for its ideologies. Atwood, who identifies as a Puritan, crafted this ominous world from a blend of personal experiences and historical atrocities, as discussed in her interview on Pod Save America (2023).

Upon first delving into the novel, I was immediately unsettled. The story portrays a totalitarian regime overtaking parts of the United States, stripping away freedoms, particularly from women who are reduced to mere possessions of men. The book describes a highly oppressed society. There is no freedom of expression. People in this society lived with fears. During her Pod Save America interview (2023), Atwood referenced her trips to Eastern Europe in the 1980s, explaining the passive acceptance of oppressive societies as a result of severe consequences for resistance, such as being shot (3:45 – 10:19).

The story’s protagonist, once a university-educated woman with a career and a family, is trapped in a dire situation following a crackdown on women’s rights. Imagine suddenly losing all access to your money and being banned from reading—parallels drawn to Ray Bradbury’s ‘Fahrenheit 451’. After being captured while attempting to flee to Canada, she faces a grim choice: become a handmaid or be condemned to die in colonies, a type of concentration camp. Upon choosing the former, she loses her identity and is renamed Offred, signifying her possession by a man named Fred. Her primary role is to become a concubine for a couple who could not have a child – this mirrors an ancient practice referenced in the Bible, where women like Rachel and Leah used their maids as surrogates (Genesis 29-30, 35). According to Barasso (2022, October 5), this type of marriage arrangement existed in ancient Mesopotamian marriage contracts.

The narrative explores the concept of Concubinage. The idea of the Concubinage system has been introduced previously. In our history, Concubinage was particularly prevalent in historical Asia such as Japan and China. They considered this type of arrangement to be less risky because children of concubines were often deemed illegitimate and devoid of inheritance rights unless explicitly permitted by the father (King’s College History Department, n.d.).

As the story progresses, we experience the harsh realities of Gilead through Offred’s perspective, which is marked by her incredible resilience and determination to survive. She encounters others who oppose the regime, forming risky alliances and emotional bonds, further complicating her precarious existence.

The novel’s climax remains ambiguous as Offred is taken away by the secret police, known as the Eyes, with only the reassurances of Nick, a sympathetic character, to suggest her removal might be part of a resistance effort known as May Day.

Atwood skillfully unfolds the narrative, allowing the reader to gradually comprehend Gilead’s oppressive nature through Offred’s descriptions and observations, such as “the shatterproof windows” of her bedroom, hinting at the extremes taken to prevent escaping through the last result of suicide. I found this writing style to be a clever choice by the author, as the story kept us in suspense.

The display of executed dissenters, stringent control measures, and pervasive surveillance echo the chilling atmospheres of other dystopian works like George Orwell’s “1984” and Bradbury’s “Fahrenheit 451”. The echoes of totalitarian regimes from history, such as the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, which arose from dire social conditions in Russia, provide a somber reminder of how quickly societies can deteriorate under certain pressures (History, n.d.).

Atwood talks about how tough times can make people more open to religious and spiritual beliefs (Pod Save America, 2022). She points out that religious ideas feel more meaningful and powerful when people struggle. She also notes that many of us hold some form of religious or spiritual beliefs (10:45 – 15:52). According to surveys from the Pew Research Center, 88% of Americans believe in a god or some other higher power (Kallo, 2023). These beliefs could more easily influence people in difficult times.

Living in the United States, we’re lucky to have the First Amendment protect our freedoms. Yet, “The Handmaid’s Tale” makes us think about how fragile these rights can be during tough times, like during pandemics or economic troubles. It’s easy for politicians to use our fear and anger for their benefit. This book highlights how important it is for us to stay alert and maintain a careful balance—protecting our freedoms while also respecting the rights of others.

The Handmaid’s Tale” is more than just a novel; it is a profound commentary on societal dynamics, personal agency, and the importance of guarding our liberties against potential encroachments. It serves as a stark warning and a compelling narrative that challenges readers to remain aware of how quickly the world can change, urging them to cherish and defend their freedoms diligently.

References

Barasso, M. (2022, October 5). Rachel and Leah in the Bible. Biblical Archaeology Society. https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/people-in-the-bible/rachel-and-leah-in-the-bible/

History. (n.d.). Post-war Economies (Russian Empire) | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1). Retrieved June 12, 2024, from https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/post-war_economies_russian_empire

Kallo, P. T., Justin Nortey and Asta. (2023, December 7). 2. Spiritual beliefs. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/12/07/spiritual-beliefs/

King’s College History Department. (n.d.).Concubinage in Asia. Retrieved June 13, 2024, from https://departments.kings.edu/womens_history/concubin.html

Pod Save America (2023). Margaret Atwood on the Rise of Real World Authoritarians | Offline With Jon Favreau. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta3FaoKgHtA

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Rediscovering Calm: A 60-Day Meditation Journey and Its Impact on My Life

Embarking on a personal experiment, I initiated a meditation routine on April 17, 2024, marking my second attempt at incorporating meditation into my daily life. My previous endeavor was short-lived, plagued by impatience and a lack of observable benefits, which led me to prematurely abandon the practice. I have always struggled with activities that require stillness and patience, such as watching movies or simply sitting still, with my media consumption largely limited to YouTube.

Prompted by a burgeoning curiosity, I revisited meditation. The nagging thought of potentially missing out on significant benefits simply because I disliked remaining stationary was unsettling. Determined to explore the unknown possibilities of meditation, I decided to give it another earnest attempt.

Driven by widespread claims of meditation’s benefits, I set a 60-day goal for myself for this attempt, hypothesizing that a fixed timeframe might encourage persistence. I established parameters for tracking my progress, deciding to monitor my sleep quality, weight, heart rate, and daily meditation adherence via the Finch App.

As noted in my April 20 entry, I faced significant challenges in maintaining a consistent meditation practice early in the project. My grade school memories of enforced brief morning 3-minute meditation sessions, which were agonizing, seemed to haunt me. I had a habit of doing something when I was supposed to sit still and meditate, such as reading. Cunningly, I started to think about piano music in my head, which still got me in trouble on multiple occasions. My teacher often scolded me for not doing the meditation seriously back then.

As an adult, my problems from childhood persist. Thoughts, particularly daily tasks, intrusively disrupted my attempts at mental clarity. I had to get rid of the garbage of my thoughts. Data analysts often use the word GIGO (Garbage in, garbage out.) I decided to purge my thoughts before I started meditation. I strategized around this by scheduling meditation after morning journaling and daily planning, which improved my focus on physical sensations like body temperature and breathing patterns. However, I often struggled to sustain attention during the sessions, which typically lasted between 5 and 15 minutes in the mornings and 10 to 20 minutes at night.

Mondays proved particularly difficult due to early work commutes and abbreviated morning routines. In the bigging, I woke up at 5:15 am, 15 minutes earlier, to do all my morning routines, including this meditation. Now, I had difficulty concentrating because my time was too tight. On such days, I managed only five minutes of meditation in the morning, compensating with a slightly longer session in the evening.

Over time, I observed an interesting shift in my mental processes during meditation. Although I still doubted the correctness of my technique, I began to experience moments of detached awareness, where my frustrations and concerns appeared as if belonging to someone else, akin to watching a movie of my own thoughts. This experience may last for a few minutes – I think. I was too worried to get out of this experience, so I hesitated to open my eyes. This new perspective, emerging sporadically, was fascinating.

I saw some changes in my data, which I corrected over time. Physiologically, I noted a significant reduction in my average resting heart rate, a benefit possibly augmented by general weight loss, which I also monitored throughout the experiment. My relationship with food also transformed; meditation diminished my cravings, particularly emotional eating, which I had abstained entirely from since starting the practice. This change, coupled with increased exercise and meticulous dietary logging, contributed to a weight loss of 5 pounds in May. However, the hot weather also played a role in this by increasing water loss.

Regarding my sleep, while my overall sleep quality improved by 6 points in May, with a slight increase in REM sleep durations of 5 minutes, deep sleep remained elusive. I have way too much REM sleep and less deep sleep, according to my sleep log, than I would like. So, I aspired to more deep sleep, believing it to be crucial for my well-being.

Reflecting on the potential health benefits of meditation, I turned to authoritative sources like the Harvard Medical School website, which confirmed that consistent practice could significantly lower heart rate, blood pressure, and stress levels, provided the sessions lasted at least ten minutes (Meditation Offers Significant Heart Benefits, 2023). My meditation routine, particularly the evening sessions, aligned with these recommendations, potentially explaining some of the physiological improvements I observed.

Contrary to my physical health gains, my sleep quality saw only marginal improvements; my result was inconsistent with some academic findings, such as those by Rush et al. (2019), which questioned the impact of meditation on sleep after analyzing metadata consisting of 3,303 total records and 18 trials from 1654 participants. Their research suggested that while some immediate benefits might be noticeable, they could not see the effect on sleep quality from mindful meditation intervention (p.7).

As my 60-day trial concludes in 10 days, I remained committed to continuing meditation beyond this initial period. Despite the challenges and ongoing uncertainties about the ‘correctness’ of my technique, the general sense of well-being it imparts is undeniable. Moreover, having not missed a single day of meditation throughout the trial is a personal achievement that motivates me to maintain and refine my practice.

In summary, while the empirical benefits of meditation, particularly concerning sleep quality, remain a topic of some debate, the personal gains in terms of stress management, heart health, and overall well-being are compelling. As I look forward to continuing my meditation journey, I am curious and hopeful about the deeper insights and health benefits a sustained practice might unlock.

References

Meditation offers significant heart benefits. (2023, August 1). Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/meditation-offers-significant-heart-benefits

Rusch, H. L., Rosario, M., Levison, L. M., Olivera, A., Livingston, W. S., Wu, T., & Gill, J. M. (2019). The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1445(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13996

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Reflecting on “Thirteen Reasons Why”: A Novel’s Impact on Teen Issues

In the United States, a number of books have been challenged or banned in schools and libraries. Among these, “Thirteen Reasons Why” by Jay Asher caught my attention when I saw it on a list of 100 banned books. I chose this book not for any specific reason but because it was readily available.

The story begins with a high school student, Clay Jensen, receiving a mysterious package. Inside, he finds several tapes recorded by his deceased classmate, Hanna Baker. The tapes reveal thirteen reasons why she decided to end her life, and each tape is dedicated to a different person who contributed to her decision. Clay follows a map Hanna left behind as he listens to the tapes, uncovering his peers’ often painful actions and choices.

Throughout the book, issues such as betrayal, bullying, underage drinking, and sexual assault are explored. These topics start with a rumor about Hanna that spirals out of control, impacting her profoundly. Despite her attempts to seek help, the lack of adequate support reaches a breaking point for her.

Clay’s tape does not accuse him of harming her. Instead, Hanna wanted to share her feelings with him because he genuinely cared for her. This part of the book made me ponder whether I could have been as supportive as Clay tried to be, especially if I faced rejection. In the end, Clay hesitated to help her after the rejection – which I could not really blame him.

“Thirteen Reasons Why” was one of the top ten most challenged books in 2012, primarily because of its raw depiction of sensitive issues like teen suicide and bullying, which some thought inappropriate for young readers (Gomez, 2018). These concerns led to its removal from some school libraries and even bans in certain districts.

Despite having yet to experience high school in the U.S., the book paints a realistic picture of teens’ pressures and challenges. It might resonate with many young readers who see aspects of their own lives reflected in Hanna’s story.

As I read, things might have been different for Hanna if the adults around her had offered better guidance. Her parents’ constant arguing and the ineffective advice from her school counselor added to her sense of isolation. Those thoughts made me question why more supportive measures, like counseling helplines and better communication, were not available to her.

The book is undeniably provocative and presents an opportunity to address the real issues it raises. Research indicates these problems are widespread, with studies showing that bullying, drug addiction, and alcohol issues are major concerns among teens. Additionally, over 20% of teens have considered suicide (Pappas, 2023), highlighting our lack of infrastructure and emphasizing a critical need for better mental health support in our schools (Stamm & Assefa, 2023).

Banning the book doesn’t solve these underlying issues. Instead, we should focus on improving our social support structures for distressed young people. The story “Thirteen Reasons Why” is a powerful reminder of the importance of empathy and understanding, particularly when addressing sensitive issues among teenagers.

In conclusion, Jay Asher’s novel is a powerful tool that encourages deep reflection on how to better support our youth. Rather than shying away from complex topics, we should use stories like these to spark meaningful conversations and push for changes that genuinely help those in need. Despite its controversies, I hope that this book will be read by many, whether they are parents, educators, or simply individuals who care about the well-being of young people.

 

References

Gomez, B. (2018, September 17). Banned Spotlight: Thirteen Reasons Why | Banned Books Week. Banned Books Week. https://bannedbooksweek.org/banned-spotlight-thirteen-reasons-why/

Graf, J. M. H. and N. (2019, February 20). Most U.S. Teens See Anxiety and Depression as a Major Problem Among Their Peers. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2019/02/20/most-u-s-teens-see-anxiety-and-depression-as-a-major-problem-among-their-peers/

Pappas, S. (2023, July 1). More than 20% of teens have seriously considered suicide. Psychologists and communities can help tackle the problem. Https://Www.Apa.Org. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2023/07/psychologists-preventing-teen-suicide

Stamm, K., & Assefa, M. (2023, June 1). There aren’t enough psychologists trained to treat kids in need. Here’s why. Https://Www.Apa.Org. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2023/06/psychologists-needed-to-treat-teens